Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction Improves Balance in Elderly Women: A Comparative Study on the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test

Abstract

Introduction: Enhancing leg muscle strength in elderly could play a crucial role in reducing fall risk. A novel approach to enhance muscular strength involves the use of low-intensity resistance exercises in conjunction with blood flow restriction (BFR), as an alternative to high-intensity exercise. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-intensity strength exercise with BFR on lower quarter Y-balance test (LQ-YBT) performance, compare to moderate-intensity strength exercise in elderly female.Methods: The study employed a true experimental randomized design, assessing balance using the LQ-YBT in 26 elderly women over a six-week exercise period. Subjects were divided into two groups: one performing medium-intensity strengthening exercises (≥40-60% 1 RM (Repetition Maximum)) and another engaging in low-intensity strengthening exercises (20-30%1RM) with BFR. The BFR technique involved applying a cuff to the upper third of the thigh with a restrictive pressure of 50 mmHg or 40% Artery Occlusion Pressure, which was released during rest periods.Results: The moderate and BFR groups exhibited notable distinctions in all directions (anterior, posterolateral, posteromedial and composite) for both left and right legs (p<0.001). The disparity in LQ-YBT values between groups was notable in the right anterior (p=0.017), right posterolateral (p<0.001), right composite (p<0.001), left anterior (p=0.007), and left composite (p=0.050) directions.Conclusions: This study showed that low-intensity resistance exercise with BFR for six weeks may yield superior improvements in the LQ-YBT for elderly women compared to moderate-intensity strengthening exercises