2018
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae47c
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Low-latitude Aurorae during the Extreme Space Weather Events in 1859

Abstract: The Carrington storm (September 1/2, 1859) is one of the largest magnetic storms ever observed and it has caused global auroral displays in low-latitude areas, together with a series of multiple magnetic storms during August 28 and September 4, 1859. In this study, we revisit contemporary auroral observation records to extract information on their elevation angle, color, and direction to investigate this stormy interval in detail.We first examine their equatorward boundary of "auroral emission with multiple co… Show more

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Cited by 51 publications
(74 citation statements)
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References 144 publications
(208 reference statements)
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“…For the auroral visibility, we consulted the observational reports in the yearbook of the Russian Central Observatory (Kupffer, ) and the Armagh Observatory (MS 117; see Butler & Hoskin, ), newspapers in Portugal, Spain, Australia, New Zealand, and Brazil, and further Japanese diaries and Mexican newspapers (see supporting information Texts S2.1–S2.5). We then compare them with the known records reviewed in Hayakawa, Ebihara, Hand, et al (): reports in contemporary scientific journals ( American Journal of Science and Wochenschrift für Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie ; see Heis, , ), ship logs (see Green et al, ; Green & Boardsen, ), Australian records (see Humble, ; Neumeyer, ), newspapers in Spain and Mexico (see Farrona et al, ; González‐Esparza & Cuevas‐Cardona, ), Scandinavian reports (see Rubenson, , ; Trombolt, ) and East Asian historical documents (see Hayakawa et al, , Hayakawa, Ebihara, Hand, et al, ). We compute MLAT of the observing sites in the reports, based on the archaeomagnetic field model GUFM1 model covering the position of magnetic dipoles from 1590 to 2000 (Jackson et al, ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…For the auroral visibility, we consulted the observational reports in the yearbook of the Russian Central Observatory (Kupffer, ) and the Armagh Observatory (MS 117; see Butler & Hoskin, ), newspapers in Portugal, Spain, Australia, New Zealand, and Brazil, and further Japanese diaries and Mexican newspapers (see supporting information Texts S2.1–S2.5). We then compare them with the known records reviewed in Hayakawa, Ebihara, Hand, et al (): reports in contemporary scientific journals ( American Journal of Science and Wochenschrift für Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie ; see Heis, , ), ship logs (see Green et al, ; Green & Boardsen, ), Australian records (see Humble, ; Neumeyer, ), newspapers in Spain and Mexico (see Farrona et al, ; González‐Esparza & Cuevas‐Cardona, ), Scandinavian reports (see Rubenson, , ; Trombolt, ) and East Asian historical documents (see Hayakawa et al, , Hayakawa, Ebihara, Hand, et al, ). We compute MLAT of the observing sites in the reports, based on the archaeomagnetic field model GUFM1 model covering the position of magnetic dipoles from 1590 to 2000 (Jackson et al, ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The large sunspot group (Group 520 in Carrington, Group 143 in Schwabe, and Group 219 in Secchi) caused a series of ICMEs, and a subsequent series of magnetic storms and auroral displays between 28 August and 4 September 1859 (Green & Boardsen, ; Hayakawa, Ebihara, Hand, et al, ; Kimball, ; Lakhina et al, ; Lakhina & Tsurutani, ).…”
Section: Auroral Evolutions and Magnetic Disturbancesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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