Low level lead exposure and oxidative stress: Current opinions

Molecular characterization and functions of zebrafish ABCC2 in cellular efflux of heavy metals

“…Upon entering cells, heavy metals exert multiple adverse effects through interfering with functions of essential metals, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ahamed and Siddiqui, 2007;Ercal et al, 2001), disrupting intracellular signal transduction (Thevenod, 2009), affecting gene expression, inducing damages to DNA, membranes and proteins, and inhibiting DNA repair (Bertin and Averbeck, 2006). Therefore, cells need effective detoxification mechanisms to survive the toxicity of these toxic metals.…”

Molecular analysis, developmental function and heavy metal-induced expression of ABCC5 in zebrafish

“…These nonessential metals gain entry into cells by simple diffusion or through membrane carriers and ion channels (Blazka and Shaikh, 1992;Souza et al, 1997;Bridges and Zalups, 2005). Upon entering cells, heavy metals exert multiple adverse effects through interfering with functions of essential metals, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ercal et al, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B 158 (2011) [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] 2001; Ahamed and Siddiqui, 2007), disrupting physiological signal transduction (Thevenod, 2009;Druwe and Vaillancourt, 2010), affecting gene expression (Gonzalez et al, 2010), inducing damages to DNA, membranes and proteins, and inhibiting DNA repair (Bertin and Averbeck, 2006). At the tissue level, exposure to heavy metals results in developmental defects, generation of tumors and adverse effects on a number of human organs including kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, testis, and placenta (Zalups and Ahmad, 2003).…”

MRP proteins as potential mediators of heavy metal resistance in zebrafish cells

“…These nonessential metals gain entry into cells through simple diffusion, membrane carriers or ion channels (Blazka and Shaikh, 1992;Bridges and Zalups, 2005;Souza et al, 1997). Upon entering cells, heavy metals exert multiple adverse effects through interfering with the functions of essential metals, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ahamed and Siddiqui, 2007;Ercal et al, 2001), disrupting physiological signal transduction (Druwe and Vaillancourt, 2010;Thevenod, 2009), affecting gene expression (Gonzalez et al, 2010), inducing damages to DNA, membranes and proteins, and inhibiting DNA repair (Bertin and Averbeck, 2006). At the tissue level, exposure to heavy metals results in developmental defects, generation of tumors and adverse effects on a number of human organs including kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, testis, and placenta (Zalups and Ahmad, 2003).…”