Low‐load resistance exercise during inactivity is associated with greater fibre area and satellite cell expression in older skeletal muscle

Moore, Daniel R.; Kelly, Ryan; Devries, Michaela C.; Churchward‐Venne, Tyler A.; Phillips, Stuart M.; Parise, Gianni; Johnston, Adam

doi:10.1002/jcsm.12306

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…44 These seeming paradoxical results can be made clearer with the realization that the decrease in capillarity is mostly accompanied by decreased muscle volume during physical inactivity and that these two factors do not occur on the same time course, with myofibre atrophy typically occurring at a faster rate than loss of capillarity. 42,45 Although capillarization has been shown to be reduced following 2 weeks of immobilization in old and young men 46 and 2 weeks of bed rest in middle-aged men, 38 some indices of capillarization are unchanged in a similar model of 2-week step reduction in older adults 47 as we report here. The differences in capillarity across human inactivity studies could be a result of the severity of the level in inactivity employed, especially since muscle capillarization is relatively stable (~2-4 weeks) following detraining 26,48 which is likely why 4 days of bed rest in young adults similarly did not affect muscle capillarization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

An accumulation of muscle macrophages is accompanied by altered insulin sensitivity after reduced activity and recovery

et al. 2019

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Background Mechanisms underlying physical inactivity‐induced insulin resistance are not well understood. In addition to a role in muscle repair, immune cell populations such as macrophages may regulate insulin sensitivity. Aim The aim of this study was to examine if the dynamic changes in insulin sensitivity during and after recovery from reduced physical activity corresponded to changes in skeletal muscle macrophages. Methods In this prospective clinical study, we collected muscle biopsies from healthy older adults (70 ± 2 years, n = 12) before and during a hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp and this occurred before (PRE) and after 2‐week reduced physical activity (RA), and following 2‐week of recovery (REC). Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp), skeletal muscle mRNA expression of inflammatory markers, and immunofluorescent quantification of skeletal muscle macrophages, myofibre‐specific satellite cell and capillary content were assessed. Results Insulin sensitivity was decreased following reduced activity and rebounded following recovery above PRE levels. We observed an increase (P < 0.01) in muscle macrophages (CD68+CD206+: 190 [55, 324]; CD11b+CD206+: 117 [28, 205]% change from PRE) and CD68 (2.4 [1.4, 3.4]‐fold) and CCL2 (1.9 [1.3, 2.5]‐fold) mRNA following RA concurrent with increased (P < 0.03) satellite cells (55 [6, 104]%) in slow‐twitch myofibres. Moreover, the distance of satellite cells to the nearest capillary was increased 7.7 (1.7, 13.7) µm in fast‐twitch myofibres at RA (P = 0.007). Changes in macrophages were positively associated with increased insulin sensitivity following RA (R > 0.57, P < 0.05). Conclusion These findings suggested that a dynamic response of skeletal muscle macrophages following acute changes in physical activity in healthy older adults is related to insulin sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

An accumulation of muscle macrophages is accompanied by altered insulin sensitivity after reduced activity and recovery

et al. 2019

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“…Although the treatment of sarcopenia remains challenging, it is widely accepted that such strategies as nutritional supplementation and physical training (both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise) are the key interventions that can help maintain skeletal muscle mass. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the prevention from the age‐related muscle loss by nutrition and exercise are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanisms and treatments for sarcopenia: could exosomes be a perspective research strategy in the future?

Rong

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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The age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle function known as sarcopenia is a primary contributor to the problems faced by the old people. Sarcopenia has been a major public health problem with high prevalence in many countries. The related underlying molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia are not completely understood. This review is focused on the potential mechanisms and current research strategies for sarcopenia with the aim of facilitating the recognition and treatment of age-related sarcopenia. Previous studies suggested that protein synthesis and degradation, autophagy, impaired satellite cell activation, mitochondria dysfunction, and other factors associated with muscle weakness and muscle degeneration may be potential molecular pathophysiology of sarcopenia. Importantly, we also prospectively highlight that exosomes (small vesicles) as carriers can regulate muscle regeneration and protein synthesis according to recent researches. Dietary strategies and exercise represent the interventions that can also alleviate the progression of sarcopenia. At last, building on recent studies pointing to exosomes with the roles in increasing muscle regeneration, mediating the beneficial effects of exercise, and serving as messengers of intercellular communication and as carriers for research strategies of many diseases, we propose that exosomes could be a potential research direction or strategies of sarcopenia in the future.

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“…An increased femoral artery blood flow has the potential to attenuate muscle protein breakdown following exercise and feeding and might turn net protein balance into positive numbers 25 . Furthermore, the number of muscle fiber capillary contacts has been shown to correlate with myofibrillar protein synthetic response to a mixed meal 26 . Third, it has been proposed that blood supply is a critical factor for the maintenance or gain of muscle mass in young 27 and older adults 8,9 in response to RT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance training preserves high-intensity interval training induced improvements in skeletal muscle capillarization of healthy old men: a randomized controlled trial

Leuchtmann

Mueller

Aguayo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Skeletal muscle capillarization is a determining factor in gas and metabolite exchange, while its impairments may contribute to the development of sarcopenia. Studies on the potential of resistance training (RT) to induce angiogenesis in older muscles have been inconclusive, and effects of sequential endurance training (ET) and RT on capillarization are unknown. Healthy older men (66.5 ± 3.8 years) were engaged in either 12 weeks of habitual course observation (HC) followed by 12 weeks of RT (n = 8), or 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) followed by 12 weeks of RT (n = 9). At baseline, following 12 and 24 weeks, m. vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained. (Immuno-)histochemistry was used to assess indices of muscle fiber capillarization, muscle fiber morphology and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Single periods of RT and HIIT resulted in similar improvements in capillarization and SDH activity. During RT following HIIT, improved capillarization and SDH activity, as well as muscle fiber morphology remained unchanged. The applied RT and HIIT protocols were thus similarly effective in enhancing capillarization and oxidative enzyme activity and RT effectively preserved HIIT-induced adaptations of these parameters. Hence, both, RT and HIIT, are valid training modalities for older men to improve skeletal muscle vascularization.Aging is associated with reduced cardiorespiratory fitness 1,2 and impaired responsiveness of skeletal muscle tissue to anabolic stimuli 3-5 . Skeletal muscle capillarization can affect both cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle anabolism. Enhanced capillarization ameliorates gas and metabolite exchange between blood and muscle tissue, resulting in improved peak oxygen uptake (  VO peak 2 ) and oxidative capacity 6,7 . Likewise, it has been proposed, that increased blood flow to muscles is required to support muscle fiber hypertrophy and satellite cell activation in older adults by facilitating the delivery of nutrients, cytokines and growth factors 8,9 . Furthermore, a recent study by Prior et al. 10 revealed that sarcopenic older adults have lower values for capillarization indices when compared to non-sarcopenic controls. Taken together, emerging evidence suggests that a decline in capillarization with increasing age might contribute to the development of sarcopenia and functional impairments in older adults.Endurance-type training (ET) is considered the method of choice for improving capillarization in skeletal muscle and inducing the associated local and systemic health-related benefits. While ET has consistently been demonstrated to stimulate angiogenesis and to substantially increase skeletal muscle capillarization and  VO peak 2 in older adults 6,7,11 , data on the potential of resistance training (RT) to effectively induce angiogenesis in aged muscle has been inconclusive. Some studies reported an increase in capillarization following 9-24 weeks of

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Low‐load resistance exercise during inactivity is associated with greater fibre area and satellite cell expression in older skeletal muscle

Cited by 37 publications

References 46 publications

An accumulation of muscle macrophages is accompanied by altered insulin sensitivity after reduced activity and recovery

An accumulation of muscle macrophages is accompanied by altered insulin sensitivity after reduced activity and recovery

The mechanisms and treatments for sarcopenia: could exosomes be a perspective research strategy in the future?

Resistance training preserves high-intensity interval training induced improvements in skeletal muscle capillarization of healthy old men: a randomized controlled trial

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