Low locoregional failure rates in selected breast cancer patients with tumor‐positive sentinel lymph nodes who do not undergo completion axillary dissection

Abstract

The synthesis and optimization of novel bioactive components is key to the development of antifouling marine coatings. It was recently demonstrated that medetomidine (MM) has perfect antibarnacle behavior along with good ecological properties. To investigate the applicability of MM in self‐polishing marine paints, a large set of mixtures of MM with two commercial alkyd resins (ARs) was prepared. The nature and strength of the intermolecular interaction as a function of composition in both the liquid and solid states were studied using NMR and FTIR techniques, respectively. It was found that at low concentrations MM molecules were coordinated to alkyd resin chains by hydrogen bonding. This interaction had a multidentate character (i.e., one molecule of MM interacted with several COOH species of ARs) that resulted in stronger bonding between the two compounds. However, at higher MM concentrations an ionic association between the two compounds began, which at a large MM content resulted in microphase separation. It was noted that the strong interaction between medetomidine and the alkyd resins investigated was a positive factor for the application of these compounds in self‐polishing marine paints. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2006

Radiation field design and regional control in sentinel lymph node‐positive breast cancer patients with omission of axillary dissection

“…Invasive lobular 4 (13) 21 (13) 13 (20) 6 (15) 5 (25) Select studies of patients with positive SLN and who did not undergo ALND have demonstrated low regional recurrence rates in the setting of adjuvant systemic therapy and RT (Table 5). 1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]28 Those series differed with respect to the length of median follow-up, the definition of a positive SLN, reasons for omitting ALND, and the receipt of systemic therapy. Although several of those reports 1,5,7,11 described the RT fields used, none reported treatment outcomes stratified by RT field design.…”

“…1 Hwang et al reported results from 196 patients who were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. 6 In that study, among 89 patients who received RT, 56 received axillary-specific RT. At a median follow-up of 30 months, only 1 patient had a regional recurrence.…”

“…4 The recent publications of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z0011 trial confirmed the low axillary recurrence rates observed in multiple studies of SLN-positive patients who did not undergo cALND and extended those observations to patients with macrometastases. 1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The results suggested that SLNB alone in patients with early stage breast cancer who have low tumor burden in the SLNs, the receipt of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and systemic therapy is adequate for locoregional control. 14 Although the ACOSOG Z0011 protocol specified that all patients receive standard tangent field irradiation to the whole breast, details of the RT were not published, raising the question of whether the low regional recurrence rates observed in Z0011 were caused by the treatment of a portion of the axilla with the tangent fields 16 or by radiation oncologists opting to use high tangents to improve axillary coverage.…”

Ljubljana nomograms for predicting the likelihood of non-sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients with a positive sentinel lymph node

“…Taking into account data on axillary recurrence after negative SLN, we can expect clinical manifestations in only 3-6 (0.3-0.6%) of those patients. Furthermore, six series (n = 583) of selected SLN-positive patients who did not undergo cALND reported similar axillary recurrence (0.5% at a median follow up of 31 months) [32][33][34][35][36][37]. These rates seem acceptably low and it is very unlikely that they would ever reach 10%, the level at which local recurrence have a detectable impact on survival according to the latest Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group overview [38].…”

A Comparison of Outcomes for the Patients with Pathologically Node-negative Breast Cancer and Who Were Treated Either with Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Only or with Conventional Axillary Lymph Node Dissection

“…(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) The biggest concern with utilizing SLNB is its false-negative rate, which is about 2-10% as reported in most studies. In this study, we compared the disease-free survival of pN0 patients and we found that the prognosis of the pN0 patients who were treated with SLNB only was significantly better than that of the patients who were treated with ALND without SLNB.…”