“…Therefore, the use of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which can be converted from optical energy and have no diffraction limit, is being considered for communication. However, SPPs have very high loss, making it difficult to construct devices or integrated circuits using only SPPs 5 , 6 . To address these issues, devices applying hybrid plasmonic structures that combine light and SPPs to effectively utilize the features of each to reduce losses have been reported 7 – 17 .…”