Low Mole Ratio UF and UMF Resins Entailing Uron-Type Methylene-Ether Groups and their Low Formaldehyde Emission Potentials

Mao, An; Hassan, El Barbary; Kim, Moon G.

doi:10.15376/biores.8.2.2470-2486

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, this aspect has been given little attention until now in the research community. In a sequel paper, the effects of higher methylene-ether group levels will be investigated (Mao et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Low Mole Ratio UF and UMF Resins Aimed at Lowering the Formaldehyde Emission Potential of Wood Composite Boards

Mao¹,

Hassan²,

Kim³

2013

BioResources

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Urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF) resins with 2.5% and 5.0% melamine levels added at the beginning of the third step of the typical urea-formaldehyde (UF) synthesis procedure were synthesized with an F/(U+M) mole ratio of 1.05 and evaluated as particleboard binders to investigate the positive effects of melamine on the formaldehyde content and physical performance of boards. Resins were tested for storage properties and analyzed by 13 C NMR. Curing catalysts were studied, curing rates were measured, and laboratory particleboards were prepared and tested for formaldehyde contents as well as strength and water-soak test values. The UMF resins resulted in slower curing rates but had adequate board strength values. The formaldehyde content values were within the newly created California emission law (5.2 to 8.0 mg/100 g board). Another objective of this work was to establish the baseline performance of these resins for use in subsequent studies that will aim to reveal the effects of methylene-ether group contents on formaldehyde emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Low Mole Ratio UF and UMF Resins Aimed at Lowering the Formaldehyde Emission Potential of Wood Composite Boards

Mao¹,

Hassan²,

Kim³

2013

BioResources

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“…Urea-formaldehyde has become one of the most commonly used slow-release fertilizers worldwide; similarly, it has been widely used as a wood binder. , It is a long-chain macromolecular compound synthesized by the condensation of urea and formaldehyde under certain reaction conditions, and it has cohesiveness and high hardness. The experimental results showed that the granulation rate and particle hardness can be improved by using urea-formaldehyde and also make the moisture absorption rate decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Application of Urea-Formaldehyde for Manufacturing a Controlled-Release Potassium Fertilizer

Guo

Liu

Tian

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Few studies have paid attention to high-concentration controlled release potassium (CRK) fertilizer because conventional potassium chloride (KCl) particles with the characteristics of irregular, high specific surface area, and bad fluidity are generally unsuitable to produce controlled-release fertilizer. The objective of this study was to investigate the interacting effects of urea-formaldehyde and additives on KCl granulation. In addition, the controlled-release characteristics of CRK based on modified KCl particles were determined in our research. Results indicated that 4–8% urea-formaldehyde combined with 6–8% bentonite was used as a double binder to increase the granulation rate, smoothness, and particle hardness of KCl granules, which enhanced its characteristics for the coating process. The K release rates of modified KCl particle-based CRK were significantly lower than that of the conventional KCl particle. In conclusion, the novel KCl granulation technology has an enormous potential for large-scale applications to satisfy the increasing demand for CRK fertilizers in the future.

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“…The formaldehyde emission for the UF bonded wood composites has been a concern in terms of the indoor air quality [22]. In order to reduce the formaldehyde emission, researcher used a lower mole ratio (formaldehyde to urea), such as 1.05 [23] or incorporated a small amount of melamine into the UF resin to form polycompound [24]. Replacing formaldehyde with carbohydrate could be an effective way to formulate eco-friendly and formaldehyde-free adhesives.…”

Section: Furfural Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology Development of Glycosyl Resins for Wood Composites

Q Shi

2017

MABB

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The synthesis methods for renewable and eco-friendly glycosyl adhesives were reviewed. The low molecular weight carbohydrate-based adhesives and the carbohydrate modified urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin and polyurethane resin were discussed. The paper provides an understanding of glycosyl adhesive synthesis, and its utilization in modifying different formaldehyde based adhesives. Hydroxyl and furfural reactions have been the main synthesis methods for the glycosyl adhesive and the glycosyl modified formaldehyde-based adhesives. The current adhesive synthesis methods have been highly dependent on the specific conditions, while most of the synthesis processes are not suitable for scaling up. The future research should focus on identifying an effective curing agent in order to reduce the curing temperature, pressure and the reaction time, in order for the commercialization of the glycosyl based adhesives.

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Low Mole Ratio UF and UMF Resins Entailing Uron-Type Methylene-Ether Groups and their Low Formaldehyde Emission Potentials

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Investigation of Low Mole Ratio UF and UMF Resins Aimed at Lowering the Formaldehyde Emission Potential of Wood Composite Boards

Investigation of Low Mole Ratio UF and UMF Resins Aimed at Lowering the Formaldehyde Emission Potential of Wood Composite Boards

Synthesis and Application of Urea-Formaldehyde for Manufacturing a Controlled-Release Potassium Fertilizer

Technology Development of Glycosyl Resins for Wood Composites

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