Low-molecular-weight materials on corona-treated polypropylene

Strobel, Mark; Dunatov, Christopher; Strobel, Joan M.; Lyons, Christopher S.; Perron, Steven J.; Morgen, Mark C.

doi:10.1163/156856189x00245

Cited by 176 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Following the rinsing, neither a mound like structure nor that of a lamella could be observed for the sample treated 200 times. The shape of the globular features (aggregated LMWOM) was explained in terms of the difference in surface energy [58,59]. The LMWOM was easily removed through rinsing with water, due to the fact that it was probably loosely bound to the surface.…”

Section: Nano/micro-surface Topography Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame treatment of low-density polyethylene: Surface chemistry across the length scales

Song¹,

Gunst

Arlinghaus

et al. 2007

Applied Surface Science

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The relationship between surface chemistry and morphology of flame treated low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was studied by various characterization techniques across different length scales. The chemical composition of the surface was determined on the micrometer scale by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as with time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), while surface wettability was obtained through contact angle (CA) measurements on the millimeter scale. The surface concentration of hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl groups, as a function of the ''number'' of the flame treatment passes (which is proportional to the treatment time) was obtained. Moreover, a correlation was found with chemical composition and polarity, emphasizing the role of oxygen-containing functional groups introduced during the treatment. Carboxyl functional groups were specifically identified by fluorescent labeling and the results were compared with the ToF-SIMS data. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate changes in surface topography and roughness on the nanometer to micrometer length scales. After flame treatment, water-soluble low molecular weight oxidized materials (LMWOM), which were generated as products of oxidation and chain scission of the LDPE surface, agglomerated into small topographical mounds that were visible in the AFM micrographs. After rinsing the flame treated samples with water and ethanol, bead-like nodular surface structures were observed. The ionization state of flame treated LDPE surfaces was monitored by chemical force microscopy (CFM). The effective surface pK a values of carboxylic acid (-COOH) obtained by AFM were revealed by chemical force titration curves and the effective surface pK a values were found to be around 6. #

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Section: Nano/micro-surface Topography Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame treatment of low-density polyethylene: Surface chemistry across the length scales

Song¹,

Gunst

Arlinghaus

et al. 2007

Applied Surface Science

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“…Therefore, the new morphology detected on the PP plaques should be considered the result of the combined effect of temperature (flattening of the original roughness) and oxidation of the PP caused by the flame (formation of new aggregates). Conversely, the formation of low-molecular-weight oxidized material (LMWOM), typical of corona-treated PP [38], should here be excluded. This is because the presence of LMWOM has been associated with extensive chain scission primarily involving atomic oxygen.…”

Section: Results and Discussion 31 Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping physicochemical surface modifications of flame-treated polypropylene

Farris¹,

Pozzoli²,

Vecchia³

et al. 2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The aim of this work was to investigate how the surface morphology of polypropylene (PP) is influenced by the surface activation mediated by a flame obtained using a mixture of air and propane under fuel-lean (equivalence ratio ! = 0.98) conditions. Morphological changes observed on flamed samples with smooth (S), medium (M), and high (H) degree of surface roughness were attributed to the combined effect of a chemical mechanism (agglomeration and ordering of partially oxidized intermediate-molecular-weight material) with a physical mechanism (flattening of the original roughness by the flame's high temperature). After two treatments, the different behavior of the samples in terms of wettability was totally reset, which made an impressive surface energy of ~43 mJ·m -2 possible, which is typical of more hydrophilic polymers (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate -PET). In particular, the polar component was increased from 1.21, 0.08, and 0.32 mJ·m -2 (untreated samples) to 10.95, 11.20, and 11.17 mJ·m -2 for the flamed samples S, M, and H, respectively, an increase attributed to the insertion of polar functional groups (hydroxyl and carbonyl) on the C-C backbone, as demonstrated by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results.

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“…[3][4][5] This treatment creates many oxygenated functional groups on the substrate surface such as carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone and alcohol groups. 6,7 Also this can be achieved by (co)polymerization of new monomers or by modification or blending of existing polymers. From a research and development point of view, the latter methods are usually more efficient and less expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of Polyolefin Graft Polymer available as a Primer for Polyurethane Adhesive (I) Synthesis of polyolefins with cyclic acid anhydride by free radical graft polymerization

Ryu¹,

Kim²,

Min³

et al. 2015

Elastomers and Composites

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Because of their low surface free energy and absence of polar groups at the surface, polyolefins are substrates whose wetting and adhesion are very difficult. Free radical grafting of monomers to backbone polymer is one of the most attractive ways for the chemical modification of polymers. Synthesis of graft copolymer through graft polymerizations of PE and/or PP with phthalic anhydride (PhAn) was made and FTIR spectra of the graft polymer were the examined. And also the effects of phthalic anhydride content on the grafting ratio, thermal properties and contact angle of the graft polymer were examined.

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Low-molecular-weight materials on corona-treated polypropylene

Cited by 176 publications

References 17 publications

Flame treatment of low-density polyethylene: Surface chemistry across the length scales

Flame treatment of low-density polyethylene: Surface chemistry across the length scales

Mapping physicochemical surface modifications of flame-treated polypropylene

Preparation and Properties of Polyolefin Graft Polymer available as a Primer for Polyurethane Adhesive (I) Synthesis of polyolefins with cyclic acid anhydride by free radical graft polymerization

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