Low-Noise, Low-Jitter, High Detection Efficiency InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diode

Tosi, Alberto; Calandri, Niccolò; Sanzaro, Mirko; Acerbi, Fabio

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2014.2328440

Cited by 103 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…On the receiver side, fully demonstration of single photon detector on chip was already proved during the last years. 47 The best solution for HD-QKD is based on single photon arrays. In this way the scalability of the process can be improved and higher capacity protocols can be implemented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits

et al. 2017

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Quantum key distribution provides an efficient means to exchange information in an unconditionally secure way. Historically, quantum key distribution protocols have been based on binary signal formats, such as two polarization states, and the transmitted information efficiency of the quantum key is intrinsically limited to 1 bit/photon. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, a high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol based on space division multiplexing in multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated lightwave circuits. We successfully realized three mutually unbiased bases in a four-dimensional Hilbert space, and achieved low and stable quantum bit error rate well below both the coherent attack and individual attack limits. Compared to previous demonstrations, the use of a multicore fiber in our protocol provides a much more efficient way to create high-dimensional quantum states, and enables breaking the information efficiency limit of traditional quantum key distribution protocols. In addition, the silicon photonic circuits used in our work integrate variable optical attenuators, highly efficient multicore fiber couplers, and Mach-Zehnder interferometers, enabling manipulating high-dimensional quantum states in a compact and stable manner. Our demonstration paves the way to utilize state-of-the-art multicore fibers for noise tolerance high-dimensional quantum key distribution, and boost silicon photonics for high information efficiency quantum communications.npj Quantum Information (2017) 3:25 ; doi:10.1038/s41534-017-0026-2 INTRODUCTION Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an attractive quantum technology that provides a means to securely share secret keys between two clients (Alice and Bob).1-4 Traditional QKD is based on binary signal formats, such as the BB84 protocol where the quantum information is encoded in the polarization domain.5 Four polarization states create a set of two mutually unbiased basis (MUBs) in a two-dimensional Hilbert space which are used for establishing quantum keys between two parties. In these binary QKD systems the information efficiency is limited to 1 bit/photon. Recently, tremendous efforts have been put into developing novel protocols to increase the information efficiency.6-10 Highdimensional QKD (HD-QKD) based on qudit encoding (unit of information in a N dimension space) is an efficient technique to achieve high information efficiency for QKD systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits

et al. 2017

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“…We designed, fabricated and characterized a planar InGaAs/InP SPAD based on the SAGCM (Separate Absorption Grading Charge and Multiplication) structure [1].…”

Section: Device Structure and Its Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

InGaAs/InP single-photon detector with low noise, low timing jitter and high count rate

et al. 2015

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We present a new InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) with high detection efficiency and low noise, which has been employed in a sinusoidal-gated setup to achieve very low afterpulsing probability and high count rate.The new InGaAs/InP SPAD has lower noise compared to previous generations thanks to the improvement of Zinc diffusion conditions and the optimization of the vertical structure. A detector with 25 μm active-area diameter, operated in gated-mode with ON time of tens of nanoseconds, has a dark count rate of few kilo-counts per second at 225 K and 5 V of excess bias, 30% photon detection efficiency at 1550 nm and a timing jitter of less than 90 ps (FWHM) at 7 V of excess bias.In order to reduce significantly the afterpulsing probability, these detectors were operated with a sinusoidal gate at 1.3 GHz. The extremely short gate ON time (less than 200 ps) reduces the charge flowing through the junction, thus reducing the number of trapped carriers and, eventually, lowering the afterpulsing probability. The resulting detection system achieves a maximum count rate higher than 650 Mcount/s with an afterpulsing probability of about 1.5%, a photon detection efficiency greater than 30% at 1550 nm and a temporal resolution of less than 90 ps (FWHM).

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“…In anticipation to further technological advances, as well as in the perspective of promoting novel quantum communication protocols, it is thus of the utmost importance to correctly describe the effects of detectors' timing performances. Despite a huge number of experiments reporting measured time response of different photon-counting devices [6,14,15], these effects have never been fully included in a quantum detection model. In this paper, we address this point with a theoretical model providing an operational and explicit description of a standard single photon detectors affected by non * virginia.dauria@inphyni.cnrs.fr negligible timing-jitter, in presence of dead-time, and not restricted to single-photon states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum description of timing jitter for single-photon ON-OFF detectors

Gouzien¹,

Fedrici²,

Zavatta³

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. A

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In the context of ultra-fast quantum communication and random number generation, detection timing-jitters represent a strong limitation as they can introduce major time-tagging errors and affect the quality of time-correlated photon counting or quantum state engineering. Despite their importance in emerging photonic quantum technologies, no detector model including such effects has been developed so far. We propose here an operational theoretical model based on POVM density formalism able to explicitly quantify the effect of timing-jitter for a typical class of single photon detector. We apply our model to some common experimental situations.

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Low-Noise, Low-Jitter, High Detection Efficiency InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diode

Cited by 103 publications

References 21 publications

High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits

High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits

InGaAs/InP single-photon detector with low noise, low timing jitter and high count rate

Quantum description of timing jitter for single-photon ON-OFF detectors

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