Low NOx Combustor for Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine: Conceptual Design

Sasaki, Masafumi; Kumakura, Hirotaka; Suzuki, Daishi

doi:10.1115/91-gt-369

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This paper describes the design process and results for the ceramic combustor in reference to previous reports and data [1] [2]. It also presents the results of tests conducted to evaluate emission performance at a combustor inlet air temperature of 773 K.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Consequently, the maximum flow rate of the fuel injector for prevaporization had to be limited so that droplet adherence to the tube wall would be suppressed. It has been estimated that the required length for fuel vaporization can be reduced by approximately 5096 by installing a louver at the entrance to the prevaporization tube to promote the formation of a turbulent mixture [1]. It was thought that the adoption of such a louver would make it possible to shorten the tube length indicated by the simulation results.…”

Section: Autoignition Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been calculated that the combustor should have the capacity to accommodate an air load ratio of 250 kg/m3sMPa [1] in the premixing lean combustion region under a low to intermediate engine load. It is also expected that a sufficiently lean combustion can be obtained even during diffusion combustion owing to the high combustor inlet temperature.…”

Section: Lean Combustion Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, one of the major challenges for this CGT engine has been to suppress NOx emissions. Sasaki et al [1] compared the performance of three types of low NOx combustion systems and reported that a prevaporization-premixing lean combustion system showed promising potential as a practical combustor concept capable of meeting Japan's emission regulations for gasoline engine Passenger cars. It was decided to adopt this combustion system for the combustor of the CGT engine under development in the above-mentioned project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Low Emission Combustor for a 100kW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine: I

Sasaki

Kumakura

Suzuki

et al. 1993

Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Turbomachinery; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery

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A low emission combustor for a 100kW ceramic gas turbine, which is intended to meet Japanese emission standards for gasoline passenger cars, has been designed and subjected to initial performance tests. A prevaporization-premixing combustion system was chosen as the most suitable system for the combustor. The detailed combustor design, including the use of ceramic components and fuel injectors, was pursued taking into account the allowable engine dimensions for vehicle installation. In the initial performance tests conducted at a combustor inlet temperature of 773K, a low NOx level was obtained that satisfied the steady state target at this temperature level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Autoignition Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lean Combustion Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of a Low Emission Combustor for a 100kW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine: I

Sasaki

Kumakura

Suzuki

et al. 1993

Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Turbomachinery; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…31. Practical ways of achieving this variation in airflow distribution include the use of variable-area swirlers to control the amount of air flowing into the combustion zone; see, for example, Bayle-Laboure (1991) and Micklow et al (1992), variable air openings into the dilution zone (Roberts et al, 1982, andSasaki et al, 1991), or a combination of these.…”

Section: Variable Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Fuel Preparation in Low Emissions Combustion

Lefebvre

1995

Volume 5: Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Ceramics; Structures and Dynamics; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation;

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The attainment of very low pollutant emissions, in particular oxides of nitrogen (NOx), from gas turbines is not only of considerable environmental concern but has also become an area of increasing competitiveness between the different engine manufacturers. For stationary engines, the attainment of ultra-low NOx has become the foremost marketing issue. This paper is devoted primarily to current and emerging technologies in the development of ultra-low emissions combustors for application to aircraft and stationary engines. Short descriptions of the basic design features of conventional gas turbine combustors and the methods of fuel injection now in widespread use are followed by a review of fuel spray characteristics and recent developments in the measurement and modeling of these characteristics. The main gas turbine generated pollutants and their mechanisms of formation are described, along with related environmental risks and various issues concerning emissions regulations and recently-enacted legislation for limiting the pollutant levels emitted by both aircraft and stationary engines. The impact of these emissions regulations on combustor and engine design are discussed first in relation to conventional combustors and then in the context of variable-geometry and staged combustors. Both these concepts are founded on emissions reduction by control of flame temperature. Basic approaches to the design of “dry” low NOx and ultra-low NOx combustors are reviewed. At the present time lean, premix, prevaporize, combustion appears to be the only technology available for achieving ultra-low NOx emissions from practical combustors. This concept is discussed in some detail, along with its inherent problems of autoignition, flashback, and acoustic resonance. Attention is also given to alternative methods of achieving ultra-low NOx emissions, notably the rich-bum, quick-quench, lean-burn and catalytic combustors. These concepts are now being actively developed, despite the formidable problems they present in terms of mixing and durability. The final section reviews the various correlations which are now being used to predict the exhaust gas concentrations of the main gaseous pollutant emissions from gas turbine engines. Comprehensive numerical methods have not yet completely displaced these semi-empirical correlations but are nevertheless providing useful insight into the interactions of swirling and recirculating flows with fuel sprays, as well as guidance to the combustion engineer during the design and development stages. Throughout the paper emphasis is placed on the important and sometimes pivotal role played by the fuel preparation process in the reduction of pollutant emissions from gas turbines.

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The Role of Fuel Preparation in Low-Emission Combustion

Lefebvre

1995

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

178

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The attainment of very low pollutant emissions, in particular oxides of nitrogen (NOx), from gas turbines is not only of considerable environmental concern but has also become an area of increasing competitiveness between the different engine manufacturers. For stationary engines, the attainment of ultralow NOx has become the foremost marketing issue. This paper is devoted primarily to current and emerging technologies in the development of ultralow emissions combustors for application to aircraft and stationary engines. Short descriptions of the basic design features of conventional gas turbine combustors and the methods of fuel injection now in widespread use are followed by a review of fuel spray characteristics and recent developments in the measurement and modeling of these characteristics. The main gas-turbine-generated pollutants and their mechanisms of formation are described, along with related environmental risks and various issues concerning emissions regulations and recently enacted legislation for limiting the pollutant levels emitted by both aircraft and stationary engines. The impacts of these emissions regulations on combustor and engine design are discussed first in relation to conventional combustors and then in the context of variable-geometry and staged combustors. Both these concepts are founded on emissions reduction by control of flame temperature. Basic approaches to the design of “dry” low-NOx and ultralow-NOx combustors are reviewed. At the present time lean, premix, prevaporize combustion appears to be the only technology available for achieving ultralow NOx emissions from practical combustors. This concept is discussed in some detail, along with its inherent problems of autoignition, flashback, and acoustic resonance. Attention is also given to alternative methods of achieving ultralow NOx emissions, notably the rich-burn, quick-quench, lean-burn, and catalytic combustors. These concepts are now being actively developed, despite the formidable problems they present in terms of mixing and durability. The final section reviews the various correlations now being used to predict the exhaust gas concentrations of the main gaseous pollutant emissions from gas turbine engines. Comprehensive numerical methods have not yet completely displaced these semi-empirical correlations but are nevertheless providing useful insight into the interactions of swirling and recirculating flows with fuel sprays, as well as guidance to the combustion engineer during the design and development stages. Throughout the paper emphasis is placed on the important and sometimes pivotal role played by the fuel preparation process in the reduction of pollutant emissions from gas turbines.

show abstract

Low NOx Combustor for Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine: Conceptual Design

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Development of a Low Emission Combustor for a 100kW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine: I

Development of a Low Emission Combustor for a 100kW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine: I

The Role of Fuel Preparation in Low Emissions Combustion

The Role of Fuel Preparation in Low-Emission Combustion

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