Low-order adaptive deformable mirror

Dainty, J. C.; Koryabin, Alexander V.; Kudryashov, Alexis

doi:10.1364/ao.37.004663

Cited by 67 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…et al 17 ) additional external beam-shaping optics, a wavefront sensor and an optimization routine to iterate towards the desired phase profile. There have also been attempts at dynamic intra-cavity beam control with deformable mirrors [18][19][20][21][22][23] , but such elements have very limited stroke, are limited in the phase profiles that can be accommodated 18,19 , and thus have found little application in laser mode shaping. Rather, such mirrors have been instrumental in high-power applications such as correcting mode distortions (for example, because of thermal load) or in maximizing energy extraction and optimization of laser brightness [20][21][22][23] .…”

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confidence: 99%

A digital laser for on-demand laser modes

et al. 2013

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Customizing the output beam shape from a laser invariably involves specialized optical elements in the form of apertures, diffractive optics and free-form mirrors. Such optics require considerable design and fabrication effort and suffer from the further disadvantage of being immutably connected to the selection of a particular spatial mode. Here we overcome these limitations with the first digital laser comprising an electrically addressed reflective phaseonly spatial light modulator as an intra-cavity digitally addressed holographic mirror. The phase and amplitude of the holographic mirror may be controlled simply by writing a computer-generated hologram in the form of a grey-scale image to the device, for on-demand laser modes. We show that we can digitally control the laser modes with ease, and demonstrate real-time switching between spatial modes in an otherwise standard solid-state laser resonator. Our work opens new possibilities for the customizing of laser modes at source.

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confidence: 99%

A digital laser for on-demand laser modes

et al. 2013

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“…24 Other measurements reveal a change of 0.34 μm°C −1 due to defocus upon homogeneous loading between 17°C and 23°C and a glass substrate. 25 A mirror with Pyrex substrate shows a P-V deformation of −0.12 μm°C −1 over a temperature range of 30°C to 45°C. 16 All the relevant previous studies have reported that defocus is the major component under homogeneous loading.…”

Section: Homogeneous Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical design, hybrid fabrication, and testing of a MOEMS deformable mirror

Reinlein

Appelfelder

Gebhardt

et al. 2013

J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS

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Abstract. This paper reports on the thermomechanical modeling and characterization of a micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems deformable mirror (DM). This unimorph DM offers a low-temperature cofired ceramic substrate with screen-printed piezoceramic actuators on its rear surface and a machined copper layer on its front surface. We present the DM setup, thermomechanical modeling, and hybrid fabrication. The setup of the DM is transferred into a thermomechanical model in ANSYS Multiphysics. The thermomechanical modeling of the DM evaluates and optimizes the mount material and the copper-layer thickness for the loading cases: homogeneous thermal loading and laser-loading of the mirror. Subsequently, the developed and theoretically optimized DM setup is experimentally validated. The homogeneous loading of the optimized design results in a membrane deformation with a rate of −0.2 μm K −1 , whereas the laser loading causes an opposed change with a rate of −0.2 μm W −1 . Therefore, the proposed mirror design is suitable to precompensate laser-generated mirror deformations by homogeneous thermal loading (heating). We experimentally show that a 35-K preheating of the mirror assembly compensates for an absorbed laser power of 1.25 W. Therefore, the novel compensation regime "compound loading" for the suppression of laser-induced deformations is developed and proven.

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“…Controlling transverse modes in a laser cavity is a difficult task experimentally, usually employing custom optical elements [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] in the form of diffractive and/or aspheric optics, adaptive mirrors or graded phase mirrors, or specialized apertures. Good beam quality associated with lower-order modes is a fundamental requirement for most laser applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The digital laser: on-demand laser modes with the click of a button

Forbes¹,

Ngcobo²,

Burger³

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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In this paper we will outline our recent advances in all-digital control of light. Importantly, we will outline how to create a so-called "digital laser", where a conventional laser mirror is replaced with a phase-only spatial light modulator. This allows the mirror properties to be dynamically changed by altering only the image sent to the device: on-demand laser modes. We demonstrate a myriad of laser beams that can be created from the same device without any realignment or additional custom optics.

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Low-order adaptive deformable mirror

Cited by 67 publications

References 14 publications

A digital laser for on-demand laser modes

A digital laser for on-demand laser modes

Thermomechanical design, hybrid fabrication, and testing of a MOEMS deformable mirror

The digital laser: on-demand laser modes with the click of a button

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