Low Overpotential Nanocrystalline Ti-Fe-Ru-O Cathodes for the Production of Sodium Chlorate

Neste, A. Van; Yip, SenPo; Jin, Seok Woo; Boily, S.; Ghali, Edward; Guay, Daniel; Schulz, Robert

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.225-227.795

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…It was proposed to use nanocrystalline cathodes prepared by mechanochemical activation of a RuO 2 ± Fe ± Ti mixture. 164 The mechanically alloyed nanocomposite appeared to be an excellent material for cathode production. At a current density of 250 mA cm 72 and 70 8C, the overvoltage on the nanocomposite cathodes decreases by 300 mV, which allows a 15% reduction of the expenditure of electrical energy in the production of chlorates.…”

Section: Electrochemical and Anti-corrosion Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size effects in chemistry of heterogeneous systems

2001

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Section: Electrochemical and Anti-corrosion Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size effects in chemistry of heterogeneous systems

2001

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“…This limitation can be overcome and the structural integrity of the electrode can be dramatically improved by the addition of oxygen. For example, the cathodic overpotential in typical chlorate electrolysis conditions of electrodes made from nanocrystalline materials obtained by milling Ti:Ru:Fe:O (2:1:1:2) does not vary over a period of 1000 h (the longest test conducted so far), nor does the electrode show any sign of degradation after this prolonged test . For comparison, the cathodic overpotential of an electrode made from the O-free material starts to increase (becoming more cathodic) after only ∼100 h .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron and in Situ X-ray Investigation of Hydrogen Intake in Titanium-Based Cubic Alloys

Blouin¹,

Schulz²,

Bonneau³

et al. 1999

Chem. Mater.

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The structure of nanocrystalline Ti:Ru:Fe (2 -y:(1+ y)/2:(1 + y)/2) obtained by high-energy ball milling has been studied by X-ray and neutron diffraction as a function of the Ti content, for y varying from 0.00 to 1.00 by step of 0.25, using Rietveld refinement analysis. When y ) 0.00, a nanocrystalline metastable B2 cubic phase is formed, with most of the 1a site occupied by Ti atoms and the 1b site occupied by either Fe or Ru atoms. When decreasing the Ti content, the B2 structure becomes less stable. A preferential replacement of Ti by Fe on the 1a occurs and leads to the precipitation of hcp Ru. In situ X-ray diffraction measurements under hydrogen at high pressure were also made. In all cases, a shift of the diffraction peaks of the B2 structure toward the smaller 2θ values was observed. This shift is totally reversible upon removing hydrogen. It indicates that hydrogen is absorbed into the materials. The volume increase of the B2 structure varies according to the Ti content, reflecting the fact that less hydrogen is absorbed when Ti is reduced. Assuming that the volume occupied by a single hydrogen atom is ∼2.5 D 3 , the hydrogen content of the various nanocrystalline Ti:Ru:Fe (2 -y:(1 + y)/2:(1 + y)/2) is calculated from the volume increase of the unit cell of the corresponding materials.

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“…This limitation can be overcome and the structural integrity of the electrode can be dramatically improved by the addition of oxygen. For example, the cathodic overpotential of electrodes made from nanocrystalline materials obtained through milling of Ti:Ru:Fe:O (2:1:1:2) does not vary over a period of 1000 h, nor does the electrode show any sign of degradation after this prolonged test [11]. In comparison, the cathodic overpotential of an electrode made from the O-free material starts to increase (becoming more cathodic) after only $100 h [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%