Low-oxygen rare earth steels

Li, Dianzhong; Wang, Pei; Chen, Xing-Qiu; Fu, Peng; Luan, Yikun; Hu, Xi; Liu, Hongwei; Sun, Meng; Chen, Yun; Cao, Yingnan; Zheng, Liaoying; Gao, Jinzhu; Zhou, Yangtao; Zhang, Lei; Ma, Xiang; Dai, Chunli; Yang, Chong; Jiang, Zhonghua; Liu, Yang; Li, Yiyi

doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01352-9

Cited by 89 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This mainly attributes to the lifted texture ratio of {111}<uvw> to {001}<110>, as collected in Table 2. However, an unexpected phenomenon of grain coarsening also occurred in RE-IF steels, which seems to deviate from the consensus of RE elements assisting in grain refinement [21]. It is necessary to clarify the relation of lifted texture ratio and grain coarsening as well as influences of RE therein; this is exactly the main idea of this study: confusion of hot-rolled structure heredity had been excluded ahead of time; then, the effect of RE elements on microstructure and texture evolution of IF steels was to be strictly studied based on Route 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Recently, more studies were carried out to explore the roles of RE elements in commercial steels [19][20][21][22]; in particular, their modification and purification effects on various inclusions and molten steels, respectively. This approach was adopted into manufacturing of IF steels [23], and it was found that dissolved RE elements could affect the recrystallization kinetics as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synergic Evolution of Microstructure-Texture-Stored Energy in Rare-Earth-Added Interstitial-Free Steels Undergoing Static Recrystallization

Liu

Huang

Yang

et al. 2022

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synergic evolution of microstructure-texture-stored energy in interstitial-free (IF) steels has been investigated to elaborate the effect of dissolved rare-earth (RE) elements on static recrystallization. Grain size, texture fraction and geometrically necessary dislocation distribution of IF steel samples annealed for different times were compared, suggesting that RE elements could postpone recrystallization nucleation but accelerate grain coarsening. The visco-plastic self-consistent model was primarily adopted and verified, then used to calculate the relative activities of different slip systems. It was proved that the compatible deformation of IF steels was very sensitive to dissolved RE elements, in particular the {110} 6 <111> 2 slip systems became extremely inactive, leading to an α-fibre textures rich configuration of RE-IF steels. Although both IF steels have the same stored energy sequence of which γ-fibre takes precedence in nucleation followed by α-fibre, the nucleation rates of α/γ-fibres driven by the reduced stored energy slowed down in RE-IF steels. Further nucleation-path analyses revealed that shear bands within γ-fibre mainly sacrificed for grain nucleation of {111}<110> orientation, while α-fibre especially prior grain boundaries therein preferred supplying nucleation sites for {554}<225> grains, which accounting for the competitive growth of γ-fibre textures in RE-IF steels rather than being dominated by a single orientation. After grain growth, the major texture of Normal-IF steels had been transferred to {554}<225> from {111}<110>, while {554}<225> in RE-IF steels still inherited the orientation advantage and grew up rapidly, thus inducing the grain coarsening. As this work offers a significant understanding of RE microalloying effect on static recrystallization, it will provide references for alloy design and industrial application of IF steels.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergic Evolution of Microstructure-Texture-Stored Energy in Rare-Earth-Added Interstitial-Free Steels Undergoing Static Recrystallization

Liu

Huang

Yang

et al. 2022

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Li et al [ 41 ] observed the deformation of the steel matrix around inclusions after steel was stressed and found that rare earth inclusions were more consistent with the deformation of the steel matrix than Al 2 O 3 inclusions. According to their theoretical calculations, the physical properties of rare earth inclusions, including Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, were closer to those of the steel matrix than Al 2 O 3 and CaO·Al 2 O 3 inclusions in molten steel.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings, in turn, prove the validity of the experimental design and the rationality of the mechanism analysis. On one hand, the generated rare earth inclusions possess physical properties that are more similar to those of the steel matrix than Al 2 O 3 and CaO·Al 2 O 3 inclusions, which will alleviate the stress concentration [ 41 ]. On the other hand, these inclusions can combine with S and Al in molten steel during solidification, which reduces the generation of CaS inclusions.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Inclusions by Rare Earth Elements in a High-Strength Oil Casing Steel for Improved Sulfur Resistance

Jiang

Tang

et al. 2023

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Steel casing pipes used in the construction of deep oil wells usually require both high strength and corrosion-resistant behavior. Due to the exploration of deep H2S-bearing oil reservoirs, sulfide stress cracking (SSC) is becoming an increasingly serious concern for casing steel. The nonmetallic inclusions in the steel are among the key reasons for its service failure. The rare earth element Ce can be used to modify the inclusions in casing steel and improve its SSC resistance. Here, taking C110 grade casing steel (the highest class currently in service) as the investigated object, the modification behavior of Ce inclusions in the steel and the effect of the addition of Ce in varying amounts (0.01, 0.024, and 0.042 wt.%) on the modified products were studied through high-temperature tube furnace experiments and thermodynamic calculations. The results showed that Ce had an obvious modification effect on the CaO·Al2O3 inclusions in casing steel, and the diffusion of dissolved Ce in the steel was the limiting step of the modification reaction. With the extension of reaction time, the sequence describing the modification of inclusions in the steel was determined as follows: CaO·Al2O3 → CeAlO3 → Ce2O3/Ce2O2S. The final stable product after modification depended on the amount of Ce added. With 0.01 wt.% Ce, the stable phase in molten steel was Ce2O3; on the other hand, upon adding ≥0.024 wt.% Ce, the stable phase became Ce2O2S. In addition, the thermodynamic stability of Ce2O3 decreased, and it was transformed into CeAlO3, Ce2O2S, Ce2S3, and CeS during solidification. On the basis of our results and the considerations for smooth casting, the addition of a proper amount of a rare earth element is suggested for industrial trials, following the achievement of a significant and surprising improvement in the qualified rate of SSC resistance for the final steel products. The relevant mechanism is also analyzed.

show abstract

“…According to the literature [4], research on 1080 MPa high-strength heavy rail steel showed that the addition of rareearth elements in the steel can improve its wear resistance, corrosion resistance, strength, and other properties; thus, rare-earth heavy rail steel can be used as high-strength rail steel for applications in high-speed, heavy-haul railway transportation, as well as railway transportation with many curved sections. Compared with U75V, a heavy rail that does not contain rare earths, rare-earth heavy rail steel exhibits superior wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and impact toughness [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Analysis of the Influence of Rare-Earth Ce on Inclusions in Heavy Rail Steel

Bai

Yang

2023

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of rare-earth Ce on the evolution behaviour of inclusions in heavy rail steel was studied. The addition of Ce can significantly reduce the number and size of class A, B, D, and Ds inclusions in the heavy rail steel smelting process. According to the statistical analysis of the size of inclusions in steel, the number and size of A and B inclusions in steel tend to decrease significantly, while D and Ds inclusions disappear. Ce splits the aluminium inclusion into several small-sized inclusions and improves the morphology of the large-size aluminium inclusion, thereby making aggregation and growth difficult while facilitating easy floating and removal. Because the addition of Ce reduces the concentration of S element in steel, MnS inclusions are difficult to grow. The decrease in the number and size of core inclusions required for MnS growth leads to a corresponding decrease in the number and size of MnS inclusions. Meanwhile, the S element also easily gathers on the surface of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CeO inclusions, forming composite inclusions that are more easily removed, thus reducing the quantity and size of MnS inclusions.

show abstract

Low-oxygen rare earth steels

Cited by 89 publications

References 34 publications

Synergic Evolution of Microstructure-Texture-Stored Energy in Rare-Earth-Added Interstitial-Free Steels Undergoing Static Recrystallization

Synergic Evolution of Microstructure-Texture-Stored Energy in Rare-Earth-Added Interstitial-Free Steels Undergoing Static Recrystallization

Modification of Inclusions by Rare Earth Elements in a High-Strength Oil Casing Steel for Improved Sulfur Resistance

Evaluation and Analysis of the Influence of Rare-Earth Ce on Inclusions in Heavy Rail Steel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About