Low‐pathogenicity influenza viruses replicate differently in laughing gulls and mallards

Criado, Miriã Ferreira; Moresco, Kira A.; Stallknecht, David E.; Swayne, David E.

doi:10.1111/irv.12878

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…Waterfowl share habitat with gulls and frequently exchange polymerase and matrix protein genes. Gull-specific fitness advantages in certain genes could relate to gull physiology, such as sialic acid receptor distribution ( Franca et al, 2013 ) or immunological responses ( Criado et al, 2021 ). Attempts to elucidate the immunopathology of gull origin H13 and H16 virus infections of non-gull hosts with experimental challenge studies are few ( Brown et al, 2012 ; Lindskog et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A viruses in gulls in landfills and freshwater habitats in Minnesota, United States

et al. 2023

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Introduction: The unpredictable evolution of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) presents an ongoing threat to agricultural production and public and wildlife health. Severe outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses in US poultry and wild birds since 2022 highlight the urgent need to understand the changing ecology of AIV. Surveillance of gulls in marine coastal environments has intensified in recent years to learn how their long-range pelagic movements potentially facilitate inter-hemispheric AIV movements. In contrast, little is known about inland gulls and their role in AIV spillover, maintenance, and long-range dissemination.Methods: To address this gap, we conducted active AIV surveillance in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) and Franklin's gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) in Minnesota's natural freshwater lakes during the summer breeding season and in landfills during fall migration (1,686 samples).Results: Whole-genome AIV sequences obtained from 40 individuals revealed three-lineage reassortants with a mix of genome segments from the avian Americas lineage, avian Eurasian lineage, and a global “Gull” lineage that diverged more than 50 years ago from the rest of the AIV global gene pool. No poultry viruses contained gull-adapted H13, NP, or NS genes, pointing to limited spillover. Geolocators traced gull migration routes across multiple North American flyways, explaining how inland gulls imported diverse AIV lineages from distant locations. Migration patterns were highly varied and deviated far from assumed “textbook” routes.Discussion: Viruses circulating in Minnesota gulls during the summer breeding season in freshwater environments reappeared in autumn landfills, evidence of AIV persistence in gulls between seasons and transmission between habitats. Going forward, wider adoption of technological advances in animal tracking devices and genetic sequencing is needed to expand AIV surveillance in understudied hosts and habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A viruses in gulls in landfills and freshwater habitats in Minnesota, United States

et al. 2023

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Location, Age, and Antibodies Predict Avian Influenza Virus Shedding in Ring-Billed and Franklin’s Gulls in Minnesota

Michalska-Smith,

Clements,

Rasmussen

et al. 2024

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Influenza A virus (IAV) is a multi-host pathogen maintained in water birds and capable of spillover into humans, wildlife, and livestock. Prior research has focused on dabbling ducks as a known IAV reservoir species, yet our understanding of influenza dynamics in other water birds, including gulls, is lacking. Here, we quantify morphological and environmental drivers of serological (antibody detection by ELISA) and virological (viral RNA detection by PCR) prevalence in two gull species: ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) and Franklin’s (Leucophaeus pipixcan) gulls. Across 12 months and 10 locations, we tested over 1500 gulls for influenza viral RNA, and additionally tested antibody levels in nearly 1000 of these. We find substantial virus prevalence and a large, nonoverlapping seroprevalence, with significant differences across age and species classifications. The body condition index had minimal explanatory power to predict (sero)positivity, and the effect of the surrounding environment was idiosyncratic. Our results hint at a nontrivial relationship between virus and seropositivity, highlighting serological surveillance as a valuable counterpoint to PCR. By providing indication of both past infections and susceptibility to future infections, serosurveillance can help inform the distribution of limited resources to maximize surveillance effectiveness for a disease of high human, wildlife, and livestock concern.

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Low‐pathogenicity influenza viruses replicate differently in laughing gulls and mallards

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Influenza A viruses in gulls in landfills and freshwater habitats in Minnesota, United States

Influenza A viruses in gulls in landfills and freshwater habitats in Minnesota, United States

Location, Age, and Antibodies Predict Avian Influenza Virus Shedding in Ring-Billed and Franklin’s Gulls in Minnesota

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