Low-Power High-Gm Quadrature LC-VCO Using Darlington Cell

Analysis and design of a new low‐phase noise and Gm‐enhanced class‐C quadrature VCO

“…[5], in which four extra parallel transistors are used as a coupling network. Since active coupling devices potentially deteriorate the phase noise and power consumption, some other coupling networks have been reported in works of literature to alleviate the destructive effects of coupling devices [3, 6–8].…”