“…Kinin receptors Down-regulates kinin receptor expression in neutrophils of patients undergoing heart surgery. (Saxena et al, 2013) Downregulates kinin receptors mRNA expression in the subplantar muscle of rat paw (Bortone et al, 2008) Ion channels K(+) inward rectifier subunits of the 6.2 isotype (Kir6.2) required for cardioprotection (Wojtovich et al, 2013) Increased Ca2+ in oral tissue cells via TRPC1 ion channels (Chellini et al, 2010) Cyclic AMP/CREB CREB phosphorylation contributes to triggering preconditioning in rat heart (Marais et al, 2008) Promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells via cyclic AMP (Wu et al, 2013) VEGF Overexpression of VEGF protects intrahepatic cholangiocytes after liver transplantation in rats (Zhou et al, 2010) Increases angiogenesis in a model of ischemic skin flap in rats mediated by VEGF, HIF-1α and MMP-2 (Cury et al, 2013) Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 HIF-1 activates IL10 gene transcription and is required for remote ischemic preconditioning in mice heart (Cai et al, 2013;Kalakech et al, 2013) Reduces the overexpressions of HIF-1α, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and increases the amounts of VEGF, NGF, and S100 proteins in rats with chronic constriction injury (Hsieh et al, 2012) TFG-beta Downregulated TGFβ1 but upregulated smad7 in cardiac infarcts Increase in proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and decrease in VEGF and TGF-beta secretion. (Szymanska et al, 2013) …continued mechanisms is hypothesized to be at the level of mitochondria (Dirnagl and Meisel, 2008).…”