Low prevalence of Aichi virus in molluscan shellfish samples from Galicia (NW Spain)

Rivadulla, Enrique; Varela, Miguel F.; Romalde, Jesús L.

doi:10.1111/jam.13363

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the three-year period of the current study, 16 AiV-positive samples were identified, with a prevalence of 5.6%, and specifically, the prevalence trend over the three-year period ranged from a minimum of 2.6% in 2016 to a maximum of 7.8% in 2017 (Table 4). These figures contrast with a 12.0% frequency previously observed for mussels collected in the period of 2014 to 2015 for class A and B areas of the Tyrrhenian Sea [2], but are similar to the 6.0% prevalence observed in Galicia, Spain [37]. For this study, it appears that AiV contamination was influenced by weather conditions, since 2016 was the driest year of the three-year study and 2017 had the most rainfall.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Detection of Hepatitis A Virus and Other Enteric Viruses in Shellfish Collected in the Gulf of Naples, Italy

Fusco

Anastasio

Kingsley

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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To assess the quality of shellfish harvest areas, bivalve mollusk samples from three coastal areas of the Campania region in Southwest Italy were evaluated for viruses over a three-year period (2015–2017). Screening of 289 samples from shellfish farms and other locations by qPCR and RT-qPCR identified hepatitis A virus (HAV; 8.9%), norovirus GI (NoVGI; 10.8%) and GII (NoVGII; 39.7%), rotavirus (RV; 9.0%), astrovirus (AsV; 20.8%), sapovirus (SaV; 18.8%), aichivirus-1 (AiV-1; 5.6%), and adenovirus (AdV, 5.6%). Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was never detected. Sequence analysis identified HAV as genotype IA and AdV as type 41. This study demonstrates the presence of different enteric viruses within bivalve mollusks, highlighting the limitations of the current EU classification system for shellfish growing waters.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Detection of Hepatitis A Virus and Other Enteric Viruses in Shellfish Collected in the Gulf of Naples, Italy

Fusco

Anastasio

Kingsley

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…In France, other study detected AiV in oysters that were linked to a gastroenteritis outbreak and the AiV sequences obtained where similar to those from stool samples analyzed in parallel (Le Guyader et al 2008). More recently, AiV has been detected from shellfish in Spain and Italy (Fusco et al 2017;Rivadulla et al 2017;Terio et al 2018), with prevalence ranging from 1.7 to 12%.…”

Section: Aiv In Shellfishmentioning

confidence: 84%

A Comprehensive Review on Human Aichi Virus

Rivadulla

Romalde

2020

Virol. Sin.

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Although norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus and Astrovirus are considered the most important viral agents transmitted by food and water, in recent years other viruses, such as Aichi virus (AiV), have emerged as responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with different foods. AiV belongs to the genus Kobuvirus of the family Picornaviridae. It is a virus with icosahedral morphology that presents a single stranded RNA genome with positive sense (8280 nucleotides) and a poly (A) chain. AiV was first detected from clinical samples and in recent years has been involved in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks from different world regions. Furthermore, several studies conducted in Japan, Germany, France, Tunisia and Spain showed a high prevalence of AiV antibodies in adults (between 80% and 99%), which is indicative of a large exposure to this virus. The aim of this review is to bring together all the discovered information about the emerging pathogen human Aichi virus (AiV), discussing the possibles routes of transmission, new detection techniques and future research. Although AiV is responsible for a low percentage of gastroenteritis outbreaks, the high seroprevalence shown by human populations indicates an evident role as an enteric agent. The low percentage of AiV detection could be explained by the fact that the pathogen is more associated to subclinical infections. Further studies will be needed to clarify the real impact of AiV in human health and its importance as a causative gastroenteritis agent worldwide.

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“…Viral recovery from shellfish homogenates (2 g) samples was carried out following the ISO 15216-1:2017 specifications, with slight modifications as previously described [28,29]. Briefly, known amounts of Mengovirus clone vMC0 were spiked into each sample homogenate (10 µL, 10 3 plaque forming units [PFU]) as a control for the RNA extraction efficiency [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantification was also carried out following the principles outlined in the ISO 15216-1:2017 as previously described [28,29]. Briefly, standard curves were constructed using serial dilutions of HEV RNA purified from a clinical sample (kindly donated by Dr. A. Aguilera from the University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain), in which the number of genome copies was plotted against the Ct values.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Shellfish Harvesting Areas from Galicia (Northwestern Spain)

Rivadulla

Varela

Mesquita

et al. 2019

Viruses

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The hepatitis E virus (HEV) affects almost 20 million individuals annually, causing approximately 3.3 million acute liver injuries, 56,600 deaths, and huge healthcare-associated economic losses. Shellfish produced close to urban and livestock areas can bioaccumulate this virus and transmit it to the human population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HEV in molluscan shellfish, in order to deepen the knowledge about HEV prevalence in Galicia (northwestern Spain), and to investigate this as a possible route of HEV transmission to humans. A total of 168 shellfish samples was obtained from two different Galician rías (Ría de Ares-Betanzos and Ría de Vigo). The samples were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RT-nested PCR and sequencing were used for further genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of positive samples. HEV was detected in 41 (24.4%) samples, at quantification levels ranging from non-quantifiable (<102 copies of the RNA genome (RNAc)/g tissue) to 1.1 × 105 RNAc/g tissue. Phylogenetic analysis based on the open reading frame (ORF)2 region showed that all sequenced isolates belonged to genotype 3, and were closely related to strains of sub-genotype e, which is of swine origin. The obtained results demonstrate a significant prevalence of HEV in bivalve molluscs from Galician rías, reinforcing the hypothesis that shellfish may be a potential route for HEV transmission to humans.

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Low prevalence of Aichi virus in molluscan shellfish samples from Galicia (NW Spain)

Abstract: This is the first study that detects the presence of AiV in shellfish from authorized harvesting areas in Spain. Further studies with clinical samples are needed to determine the potential risk of AiV for human health in Galicia.

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Detection of Hepatitis A Virus and Other Enteric Viruses in Shellfish Collected in the Gulf of Naples, Italy

Detection of Hepatitis A Virus and Other Enteric Viruses in Shellfish Collected in the Gulf of Naples, Italy

A Comprehensive Review on Human Aichi Virus

Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Shellfish Harvesting Areas from Galicia (Northwestern Spain)

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