Low rank coal for fuel production via microwave-assisted pyrolysis: A review

Sardi, Bambang; Uno, Irianto; Pasila, Felix; Altway, Ali; Mahfud, Mahfud

doi:10.1016/j.fpc.2023.02.002

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Regardless of its usage in coal ranking, volatile matter is one of the most essential characteristics utilized in identifying the right application. Fixed carbon is the part of the coal that remains as a residue but consists mainly of carbon, although it also contains small amounts of H, O, N, and S that are not carried away with the gas (Sardi et al, 2023). The chemical characteristics of SC based on the pH H2O, pH KCl 1N, and pH PZC values of SC are 5.23, 4.60, and 4.01 units, respectively.…”

Section: Proximate and Chemical Characteristics Of Subbituminous Coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium study for mercury removal using sub-bituminous coal and its application on ex-gold mining soil contaminated with mercury

Maulana,

Harianti,

Prasetyo

et al. 2024

J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage.

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Optimizing the potential utilization of low-rank coal, such as sub-bituminous coal (SC), can improve and maintain soil quality and productivity through amelioration technology. This potential is especially in controlling heavy metals such as Hg. This study aimed to examine the geochemistry of SC and the adsorption mechanism of Hg with SC through an adsorption isotherm model approach developed for experimental equilibrium. The geochemical of SC has an atomic composition of C (43.60%), O (40.64%), N (11.96%), Si (1.57%), Al (1.06%), Ca (0.92%), Mg (0.14%) and K (0.11%) and oxide composition dominated by SiO2 (57.07%), as well as O-H and N-H functional groups, C-H C-H, C=C-H, C=O, and C=C-H and minerals (quartz, magnetite, mica and muscovite). Characteristics of SC have a proximate composition (16.99% moisture, 97.81% volatile matter, 69.63% ash, and 28.19% fixed carbon) and chemical properties of pH, EC, CEC, OC, and total N (5.23, 1.38 dS m-1, 35.33 cmol(+) kg-1, 9.81% C, and 0.16% N). The adsorption capacity and coefficient of Hg2+ by SC were 304.32 mg g-1 and 78.67 L kg-1 at pH 1.26 and Hg2+ concentration 100 mg L-1 with a removal efficiency of 76.08%. Hg2+ adsorption isotherms occurred in Langmuir (RL = 0.97 and R² = 1)>Freundlich (1/n = 1.05 and R² = 0.9999) models. The application of 40 t SC ha-1 on ex-gold mining soil contaminated with Hg significantly decreased the total Hg in the soil by 2.50 mg kg-1 and a removal efficiency of 36.37% with increased pH H2O (0.35), OC (0.041% C), and CEC 2.14 cmol(+) kg-1, compared to control.

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Section: Proximate and Chemical Characteristics Of Subbituminous Coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium study for mercury removal using sub-bituminous coal and its application on ex-gold mining soil contaminated with mercury

Maulana,

Harianti,

Prasetyo

et al. 2024

J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage.

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“…Apart from its use in coal ranking, volatile matter is one of the most important characteristics used in identifying the right application. Fixed carbon is the part of the coal that remains as a residue, but consists mostly of carbon, although it also contains small amounts of H, O, N, and S that are not carried away by the gas [34]. However, there is a decrease in volatile matter and fixed carbon of coal after activation with NaOH.…”

Section: ) Proximate and Chemical Characteristics Of Sub-bituminous C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ability of Sub-Bituminous Coal Activated with NaOH in Removal of Mercury: Equilibrium and Isotherm Study

2024

IJESD

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Improved utilization strategies for Sub-Bituminous Coal (SC) can be made using alkaline materials to increase soil productivity and can also reduce metal concentrations in aqueous solution. This study aims to examine the characteristics of SC activated with NaOH (SC-NaOH) and the mechanism of Hg 2+ adsorption by SC-NaOH through an adsorption isotherm model approach developed for experimental equilibrium. The SC-NaOH was characterized by proximate composition (29.59% moisture; 76.02% volatile matter; 72.02% ash and 4.02% fixed carbon) and chemical properties (pH 12.60; EC >2.00 dS/m; CEC 141.60 cmol(+)/kg; OC 14.38% C and total N 0.10% N). The adsorption of Hg 2+ on SC-NaOH increased with increasing Hg concentration and decreasing pH. The adsorption capacity and coefficient of Hg 2+ by SC-NaOH were 262.51 mg/g and 131.12 l/kg at pH 1.68 and Hg 2+ concentration of 100 mg/l with a removal efficiency of 65.63%. Hg 2+ adsorption isotherms occurred in Freundlich model (1/n = 1.03: cooperative adsorption and R² = 1) = Langmuir model (RL = 0.94: favorable and R² = 1).

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“…Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah batubara peringkat rendah berupa sub-bituminus dengan nilai kalori 5.900 kkal/kg dan 6.300 kkal/kg (adb) dengan ukuran 1-5 mm [28]. Sampel tersebut juga dilakukan uji proksimat, ultimat, dan nilai kalor dalam rangka mengetahui sifat fisika dan kimianya.…”

Section: Gambar 2 Peralatan Pembakaran Batubara Yang Dimodifikasiunclassified

Modifikasi Peralatan Pembakaran Batubara Peringkat Rendah Untuk Karakterisasi Emisi Gas Metana

Yusuf,

Al Hadi

2023

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Potensi batubara Provinsi Sumatera Selatan hampir 80% didominasi oleh batubara peringkat rendah berupa lignit dan sub-bituminus. Pemanfaatan batubara peringkat rendah harus mempertimbangkan lingkungan terutama polusi udara oleh gas rumah kaca yang terdiri dari gas CO2 dan CH4 yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap pemanasan global. Gas CH4 merupakan gas yang sangat potensial penyebab terjadinya pemanasan global karena dampaknya 80 kali lebih kuat dari gas CO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan peralatan sederhana pembakaran batubara peringkat rendah dengan cara memodifikasi model yang sudah ada untuk menganalisis emisi gas CH4 skala laboratorium. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelititan ini meliputi modifikasi model coal fixed-bed combustion, proses pembakaran, pengambilan data, pengujian statistik, analisis data emisi gas CH4 yang berkaitan dengan temperatur dan waktu pembakaran untuk batubara sub-bituminus dengan perbedaan nilai kalori BA-59 dan BA-63. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peralatan pembakaran batubara yang dirancang dan dibangun dengan memodifikasi model coal fixed-bed combustion dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis karakteristik emisi gas CH4; pembentukan emisi gas CH4 akan lebih tinggi pada batubara BA-59 dibandingkan dengan batubara BA-63 masing-masing sebesar 4,8 ppm dan 1,3 ppm; temperatur pembakaran pada batubara kalori lebih rendah akan lebih rendah dibandingkan pada batubara kalori lebih tinggi masing-masing 31oC dan 40oC; dan waktu inkubasi pembentukan emisi gas CH4 terjadi lebih cepat pada batubara kalori lebih rendah masing-masing 7 menit dan 10 menit sedangkan lama pembakaran batubara batubara kalori yang lebih rendah akan lebih lama dibandingkan batubara kalori yang lebih tinggi masing-masing 72 menit dan 53 menit.

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Low rank coal for fuel production via microwave-assisted pyrolysis: A review

Cited by 16 publications

References 102 publications

Equilibrium study for mercury removal using sub-bituminous coal and its application on ex-gold mining soil contaminated with mercury

Equilibrium study for mercury removal using sub-bituminous coal and its application on ex-gold mining soil contaminated with mercury

The Ability of Sub-Bituminous Coal Activated with NaOH in Removal of Mercury: Equilibrium and Isotherm Study

Modifikasi Peralatan Pembakaran Batubara Peringkat Rendah Untuk Karakterisasi Emisi Gas Metana

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