Low rates of transmission of SRV‐2 and STLV‐I to juveniles in a population of <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> facilitate establishment of specific retrovirus‐free colonies

Mee, Edward T.; Murrell, Claire K.; Watkins, J.; Almond, Neil; Cutler, Keith; Rose, Nicola J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0684.2008.00335.x

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We have reported previously the creation of colonies of cynomolgus macaques free of STLV-I and SRV-2 [27]. This cohort of young macaques provided an opportunity to study SFV infection, over time, in isolation from other significant retroviral infections, following young animals as they matured into a breeding population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CA5 group comprised juvenile/sub-adult macaques (aged two to three years old at time of group formation) and the CA7 and CA8 groups comprised infant macaques (nine months to one year old at time of colony formation). These groups have been previously described [27] and archived DNA and plasma samples were available from five time points over a period of four years. The initial samples from offspring were available by approximately 12 months of age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we and others have used this species as a model for HIV infection given their susceptibility to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). We have previously created a cohort of young cynomolgus macaques from which simian retrovirus, type 2 (SRV-2) and simian T-lymphotropic virus, type I (STLV-I) have been eliminated primarily by PCR based selection [27]. These new colonies of young macaques offered us an excellent opportunity to study SFV infection in isolation from SRV-2 and STLV-I.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horizontal acquisition and a broad biodistribution typify simian foamy virus infection in a cohort of Macaca fascicularis

Hood

Mitchell

Sethi

et al. 2013

Virol J

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BackgroundFoamy viruses are non-pathogenic in vivo and naturally infect all species of non-human primates (NHP). Simian foamy viruses (SFV) are highly prevalent in both free ranging and captive NHP but few longitudinal studies have been performed to assess the prevalence and biodistribution of SFV within captive NHP.MethodLTR and pol gene along with Gag antibody detection were undertaken to identify infection in a cohort of over 80 captive macaques.ResultsThe prevalence of SFV was between 64% and 94% in different groups. Access to 23 dam-infant pairs allowed us to reveal horizontal transfer as the dominant route of SFV transmission in our cohort. Further, analysis of SFV from a range of tissues and blood revealed that macaques as young as six months old can be infected and that proviral biodistribution increases with age.ConclusionsThese are the first data of this type for a captive cohort of cynomolgus macaques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horizontal acquisition and a broad biodistribution typify simian foamy virus infection in a cohort of Macaca fascicularis

Hood

Mitchell

Sethi

et al. 2013

Virol J

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“…From a cohort of 16 cynomolgus macaques (M. fascicularis), 11 tissue types (tongue, salivary gland, salivary gland lymph node, lung, peripheral lymph nodes, small intestine, large intestine, mesenteric lymph node, liver, kidney and spleen) were available as tissue sections cut from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue or from frozen tissues. The SRV-2 and STLV-I infection status, as determined by PCR analysis of provirus in PBMCs, was determined previously as part of a study of a large cohort of macaques (Mee et al, 2009). This classification was refined in the present study by the additional assessment of proviral load in tissues (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I alters the proviral load and biodistribution of simian retrovirus type 2 in co-infected macaques, supporting advancement of immunosuppressive pathology

Mitchell

Hood

Mee

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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The infection dynamics and pathology of a retrovirus may be altered by one or more additional viruses. To investigate this further, this study characterized proviral load, biodistribution and the immune response in Macaca fascicularis naturally infected with combinations of simian retrovirus type 2 (SRV-2) and simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I). As the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and the spleen have been implicated previously in response to retroviral infection, the morphology and immunopathology of these tissues were assessed. The data revealed a significant change in SRV-2 biodistribution in macaques infected with STLV-I. Pathological changes were greater in the MLN and spleen of STLV-I-infected and co-infected macaques compared with the other groups. Immune-cell populations in co-infected macaque spleens were increased and there was an atypical distribution of B-cells. These findings suggest that the infection dynamics of each virus in a co-infected individual may be affected to a different extent and that STLV-I appears to be responsible for enhancing the biodistribution and associated pathological changes in SRV-2 in macaques.

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“…Notably, a high proportion (60% on average) of JMs is reportedly infected with STLV-1, whereas the prevalence of STLV-1 in other natural hosts among non-human primates, including Asian macaques, is generally much lower [19,41,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. The reason for the abnormally high prevalence still remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques

Murata

Yasunaga

Washizaki

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Simian T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (STLV-1) is disseminated among various non-human primate species and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis. Notably, t he prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques (JMs) is estimated to be >60%, much greater than that in other non-human primates; however, the mechanism and mode of STLV-1 transmission remain unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiological background by which STLV-1 infection is highly prevalent in JMs. Results: The prevalence of STLV-1 in the JMs rearing in our free-range facility reached up to 64% (180/280 JMs) with variation from 55 to 77% among five independent troops. Anti-STLV-1 antibody titers (ABTs) and STLV-1 proviral loads ( PVLs) were normally distributed with mean values of 4076 and 0.62%, respectively, which were mostly comparable to those of HTLV-1-infected humans. Our initial hypothesis that some of the macaques might contribute to frequent horizontal STLV-1 transmission as viral super-spreaders was unlikely because of the absence of the macaques exhibiting abnormally high PVLs but poor ABTs. Rather, ABTs and PVLs were statically corelated (p < 0.0001), indicating that the increasing PVLs led to the greater humoral immune response. Further analyses demonstrated that the STLV-1 prevalence as determined by detection of the proviral DNA was dramatically increased with age; 11%, 31%, and 58% at 0, 1, and 2 years of age, which was generally consistent with the result of seroprevalence and suggested the frequent incidence of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Moreover, our longitudinal follow-up study indicated that 24 of 28 seronegative JMs during the periods from 2011 to 2012 converted to seropositive (86%) four years later; among them, the seroconversion rates of sexually matured (4 years of age and older) macaques and immature macaques (3 years of age and younger) at the beginning of study were comparably high (80% and 89%, respectively), suggesting the frequent incidence of horizontal transmission. Conclusions: Together with the fact that almost all of the full-adult JMs older than 9 years old were infected with STLV-1, our results of this study demonstrated for the first time that frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in JMs

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Low rates of transmission of SRV‐2 and STLV‐I to juveniles in a population of Macaca fascicularis facilitate establishment of specific retrovirus‐free colonies

Abstract: Low transmissibility of the viruses present in the parental cohort and improved knowledge of the host response to SRV-2 has facilitated the creation of specific-retrovirus-free colonies of cynomolgus macaques.

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Horizontal acquisition and a broad biodistribution typify simian foamy virus infection in a cohort of Macaca fascicularis

Horizontal acquisition and a broad biodistribution typify simian foamy virus infection in a cohort of Macaca fascicularis

Simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I alters the proviral load and biodistribution of simian retrovirus type 2 in co-infected macaques, supporting advancement of immunosuppressive pathology

Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques

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