Low-Reynolds-Number Eddy-Viscosity Modelling Based on Non-Linear Stress-Strain/Vorticity Relations

Tracer gas transport under mixed convection conditions in an experimental atrium: Comparison between experiments and CFD predictions

“…The standard and low-Reynolds-number k-ε (Lien et al 1996) models with buoyancy production terms were used to model the turbulence. The dilute methane tracer was treated as an active scalar; i.e., its presence influences the bulk physical properties of the background fluid.…”

Feasibility study for use of the natural convection shutdown heat removal test facility (NSTF) for VHTR water-cooled RCCS shutdown.

“…In this work, the experiments of MacGregor and Emery [10] have been analyzed. In these experiments measurements of net heat transfer were performed in a rectangular cavity for Pr numbers of 1 to 20,000, aspect ratios H/W = 10, 20, and 40, and Ra values of: 10 4 < Ra < 10 12 .…”

Prediction of Thermal Stratification in a U-Bent Pipe: A Urans Validation

“…Therefore, it is clear that the employment of models (e.g. wall functions, two-layer [16] and low Reynolds formulation [12]) which are based on theoretical and experimental analysis of fully turbulent flows is not obvious to provide satisfying results in wall-bounded conditions.…”

“…In further analysis, two basic approaches are employed to solve the region close to the wall, namely two-layer (Wolfshtein [16]) and low-Re as shown by Lien [12]. Simulation was carried out with a three-dimensional pipe of Re = 5,000 for water with periodic conditions.…”