Low risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in Somalia

Watts, Douglas M.; Corwin, Andrew L.; Omar, Mahmoud A.; Hyams, Kenneth C.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(94)90495-2

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Age at first sexual intercourse that may be regarded as a proxy of sexual exposure was associated with the anti-HCV status in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. This is in accordance with other studies that did not provide evidence for substantial sexual HCV transmission in African populations [Watts et al, 1994]. The adjusted anti-HCV odds ratio was significantly higher among women aged 35 years or older.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Seroepidemiology of TT virus, GBC-C/HGV, and hepatitis viruses B, C, and E among women in a rural area of Tanzania

et al. 2000

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The seroprevalence and determinants of hepatitis B, C, and E virus infection, and of GBV-C/hepatitis G virus and TT virus infection were investigated among women from a rural area of northeastern Tanzania. High seroprevalence rates were found for TTV (74%), HBV (74%), and GBV-C/HGV (35%), whereas 7% of the women had evidence of HCV and HEV infection. The majority of TTV DNA sequences in the study population belonged to the genotypes 1 or 2. One sequence seems to represent a new subtype of genotype 4. The GBV-C/HGV sequences either belonged to the genomic Group 1b or to the recently described Group 4. In multivariate analysis, the detection of TTV DNA was associated significantly with a larger number of children in the household and with older age. A history of injections of contraceptive hormones was an independent risk factor for HCV infection. The findings on TTV are consistent with fecal-oral transmission, and recurrent infections may occur in adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Seroepidemiology of TT virus, GBC-C/HGV, and hepatitis viruses B, C, and E among women in a rural area of Tanzania

et al. 2000

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“…This assumption, although not indisputable, has sufficient support in the literature. 3,20 In addition, it was already tested the suitability of such markers as surrogates of the HIV route of transmission. 2,11,22 As pointed before, the use of mathematical techniques to estimate incidence rates from crosssectional prevalence data has already proved to be reliable enough for epidemiological purposes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between HIV and HCV in Brazilian prisoners: evidence for parenteral transmission inside prison

et al. 2000

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ObjectiveIt is an accepted fact that confinement conditions increase the risk of some infections related to sexual and/or injecting drugs practices. Mathematical techniques were applied to estimate time-dependent incidence densities of HIV infection among inmates. Methods A total of 631 prisoners from a Brazilian prison with 4,900 inmates at that time were interviewed and their blood drawn. Risky behavior for HIV infection was analyzed, and serological tests for HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis were performed, intended as surrogates for parenteral and sexual HIV transmission, respectively. Mathematical techniques were used to estimate the incidence density ratio, as related to the time of imprisonment. Results Prevalence were: HIV -16%; HCV -34%; and syphilis -18%. The main risk behaviors related to HIV infection were HCV prevalence (OR=10.49) and the acknowledged use of injecting drugs (OR=3.36). Incidence density ratio derivation showed that the risk of acquiring HIV infection increases with the time of imprisonment, peaking around three years after incarceration. ConclusionsThe correlation between HIV and HCV seroprevalence and the results of the mathematical analysis suggest that HIV transmission in this population is predominantly due to parenteral exposure by injecting drug, and that it increases with time of imprisonment. Resumo Objetivo

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“…Therefore, only a very small proportion of the population was found to be infected with HCV and HIV-1 in this investigation. The results also suggested that there was a low risk of sexual transmission of HCV in Somalian villages at the time of this investigation [66].…”

Section: Somaliamentioning

confidence: 53%

“…On the contrary, reactive sera for HIV-1 were further tested with the Western blot assay and hence samples positive for both tests were considered positive. This study found that eight sera samples were reactive to both assays for HCV while only six sera samples were positive for HIV-1 ELISA and Western blot [66]. Therefore, only a very small proportion of the population was found to be infected with HCV and HIV-1 in this investigation.…”

Section: Somaliamentioning

confidence: 63%

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

et al. 2020

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Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases are of great public health concern. The recent emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in China, which causes COVID-19 disease in humans, and its current spread to several countries, leading to the first pandemic in history to be caused by a coronavirus, highlights the significance of zoonotic viral diseases. Rift Valley fever, rabies, West Nile, chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola, and influenza viruses among many other viruses have been reported from different African countries. The paucity of information, lack of knowledge, limited resources, and climate change, coupled with cultural traditions make the African continent a hotspot for vector-borne and zoonotic viral diseases, which may spread globally. Currently, there is no information available on the status of virus diseases in Africa. This systematic review highlights the available information about viral diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, reported in Africa. The findings will help us understand the trend of emerging and re-emerging virus diseases within the African continent. The findings recommend active surveillance of viral diseases and strict implementation of One Health measures in Africa to improve human public health and reduce the possibility of potential pandemics due to zoonotic viruses.

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Low risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in Somalia

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Seroepidemiology of TT virus, GBC-C/HGV, and hepatitis viruses B, C, and E among women in a rural area of Tanzania

Seroepidemiology of TT virus, GBC-C/HGV, and hepatitis viruses B, C, and E among women in a rural area of Tanzania

Correlation between HIV and HCV in Brazilian prisoners: evidence for parenteral transmission inside prison

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

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