Low salivary cortisol levels among socially anxious young adults: Preliminary evidence from a selected and a non-selected sample

Beaton, Elliott A.; Schmidt, Louis A.; Ashbaugh, Andrea R.; Santesso, Diane L.; Antony, Martin M.; McCabe, Randi E.; Segalowitz, Sidney J.; Schulkin, Jay

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.02.020

Cited by 55 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This result is consistent with studies with adolescents and adults reporting similar cortisol reactivity in SP and HC groups (Beaton et al 2006;Heiser et al 2009). However, it is inconsistent with results of van West et al (2008), who reported higher cortisol reactivity in children with SP compared to HC in response to social stress.…”

Section: Salivary Cortisolsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…According to some studies, SP individuals exposed to a social-evaluative task respond with increased subjective anxiety and an increased HR response (Hofmann et al 1995) as well as with elevated cortisol reactivity (Roelofs et al 2009). Other studies, while replicating increased subjective anxiety in socially phobic or highly socially anxious individuals relative to controls, did not find differential cortisol or cardiovascular reactivity (Anderson and Hope 2009;Beaton et al 2006;Grossman et al 2001;Heiser et al 2009;Mauss et al 2003). The only study that investigated sAA in adults with SP and controls found elevated sAA levels in SP individuals, both in nonstressed conditions during the day and after a low dose (0.5 mg) of dexamethasone.…”

Section: Symptom Provocation and The Multiple Response Levels Of Anxietymentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Subjective, Autonomic, and Endocrine Reactivity during Social Stress in Children with Social Phobia

Krämer

Seefeldt

Heinrichs

et al. 2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reports of exaggerated anxiety and physiological hyperreactivity to social-evaluative situations are characteristic of childhood social phobia (SP). However, laboratory research on subjective, autonomic and endocrine functioning in childhood SP is scarce, inconsistent and limited by small sample sizes, limited breadth of measurements, and the use of non-standardized stressor tasks. We exposed 8-12-year-old children with DSM-IV SP (n=41) and matched healthy control children (HC; n=40) to the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) while measuring subjective anxiety, heart rate (HR) and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as well as salivary cortisol. The SP children showed heightened reactivity to the TSST-C on subjective anxiety compared to the HC children but not a heightened reactivity in HR, sAA or cortisol. However, the SP children showed chronically elevated HR levels throughout the whole laboratory session. Whereas subjective anxiety seems to respond specifically to social-evaluative stress in childhood SP, HR levels may be chronically elevated suggesting a more generalized autonomic hyperreactivity.

show abstract

Section: Salivary Cortisolsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Symptom Provocation and The Multiple Response Levels Of Anxietymentioning

confidence: 94%

Subjective, Autonomic, and Endocrine Reactivity during Social Stress in Children with Social Phobia

Krämer

Seefeldt

Heinrichs

et al. 2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A study by Shirotsuki et al [19] showed that males with high levels of social anxiety had lower HPA activity in response to a speech task. Similar results for cortisol secretion in a group of socially phobic girls were reported by Martel et al [20] and for socially anxious young adults by Beaton et al [21]. …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Social Anxiety, Affect, Cortisol Response and Performance on a Speech Task

Łosiak

Blaut²,

Kłosowska³

et al. 2015

Psychopathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Social anxiety is characterized by increased emotional reactivity to social stimuli, but results of studies focusing on affective reactions of socially anxious subjects in the situation of social exposition are inconclusive, especially in the case of endocrinological measures of affect. Sampling and Methods: This study was designed to examine individual differences in endocrinological and affective reactions to social exposure as well as in performance on a speech task in a group of students (n = 44) comprising subjects with either high or low levels of social anxiety. Measures of salivary cortisol and positive and negative affect were taken before and after an impromptu speech. Self-ratings and observer ratings of performance were also obtained. Results: Cortisol levels and negative affect increased in both groups after the speech task, and positive affect decreased; however, group × affect interactions were not significant. Assessments conducted after the speech task revealed that highly socially anxious participants had lower observer ratings of performance while cortisol increase and changes in self-reported affect were not related to performance. Conclusions: Socially anxious individuals do not differ from nonanxious individuals in affective reactions to social exposition, but reveal worse performance at a speech task.

show abstract

“…These correlates include: psychophysiological (e.g., high morning and daytime cortisol levels, right frontal brain electrical asymmetry, and heightened baseline heart rate; Beaton et al, 2006;Schmidt, 1999;Schmidt, Santesso, Schulkin, & Segalowitz, 2007); cognitive/affective (e.g., low self-esteem, anxious thoughts, heightened negative emotion; Ashbaugh, Antony, McCabe, Schmidt, & Swinson, 2005;Brunet & Schmidt, 2007Crozier, 1981); behavioral (e.g., behavioral inhibition, startle response, gaze aversion, reduction in speech; Pilkonis, 1977a,b;Snidman & Kagan, 1994); and psychosocial (e.g., social anxiety disorder, substance use disorders, eating disorders; Beidel & Turner, 1998;Zuckerman, 1994;Bulik, Sullivan, Weltzin, & Kaye, 1995).…”

Section: Definition and Conceptualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shyness: Subtypes, Psychosocial Correlates, and Treatment Interventions

Jones¹,

Schulkin²

2014

PSYCH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Decades of research on the study of introversion and extraversion have allowed researchers to distinguish among individual differences on each of these dimensions. Research indicates that shyness, a rather common personality trait, is a construct that is related, but not identical, to introversion. Once regarded as a unitary construct, modern day personality theorists propose that shyness is based on a number of orthogonal dimensions. Empirical evidence suggests that distinct subtypes of shyness develop as a result of differences in social approach and social avoidance behaviors. Temperamental shyness is a risk factor for behavioral and affective problems, as well as more severe psychological problems. This article focuses on the phenomenon of shyness by reviewing its subtypes, psychosocial correlates, and efficacious treatment interventions.

show abstract

Low salivary cortisol levels among socially anxious young adults: Preliminary evidence from a selected and a non-selected sample

Cited by 55 publications

References 33 publications

Subjective, Autonomic, and Endocrine Reactivity during Social Stress in Children with Social Phobia

Subjective, Autonomic, and Endocrine Reactivity during Social Stress in Children with Social Phobia

Social Anxiety, Affect, Cortisol Response and Performance on a Speech Task

Shyness: Subtypes, Psychosocial Correlates, and Treatment Interventions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About