Low SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers may be associated with poor clinical outcomes for patients with severe COVID-19

Takita, Mumon; Yoshida, Toru; Tsuchida, Tomoya; Nakagama, Yu; Kido, Yasutoshi; Suzuki, Shingo; Imamura, Mitsuru; Kawahata, K.; Shimizu, Goji; Yoshida, Hideki; Morikawa, Daiki; Kawaguchi, Takeshi; Fujii, Shuichi; Tsukuda, Jumpei; Motohashi, Takako; Fujitani, Shigeki

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12834-w

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The extreme elderly and multi-morbid population has been shown to exhibit aberrant immune responses. 18…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extreme elderly and multi-morbid population has been shown to exhibit aberrant immune responses. 18 Hybrid immunity is becoming increasingly common. The benefits of boosting the infection-acquired immunity by vaccination has been shown 'clinically' to enhance the degree and duration of protection (protection rate persistently above 90% for 18 months or longer).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of prior COVID-19 on vaccine response and the resultant hybrid immunity are age-dependent

Nakagama

Komase

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background More people with a history of prior infection are receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Understanding the magnitude of protectivity granted by hybrid immunity, the combined response of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity, may impact vaccination strategies. Methods A total of 36 synchronously infected (prior infection) and, 33 SARS-CoV-2 naive (naive) individuals participated. Participants provided sera six months after completing a round of BNT162b2 vaccination, to be processed for anti-spike antibody measurements and neutralization assays. The relationships between antibody titer, groups and age were explored. Results Anti-spike antibody titers at 6 months post-vaccination were significantly higher, reaching 13- to 17-fold, in the prior infection group. Linear regression models showed that the enhancement in antibody titer attributable to positive infection history increased from 8.9- to 9.4- fold at age 30 to 19- to 32-fold at age 60. Sera from the prior infection group showed higher neutralizing capacity against all six analyzed strains, including the Omicron variant. Conclusions Prior COVID-19 led to establishing enhanced humoral immunity at 6 months after vaccination. Antibody fold-difference attributed to positive COVID-19 history increased with age, possibly because older individuals are prone to symptomatic infection accompanied by potentiated immune responses. Durable protection of hybrid immunity deserves reflection in vaccination campaigns.

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“…The extreme elderly and multi-morbid population has been shown to exhibit aberrant immune responses. 18…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of prior COVID-19 on vaccine response and the resultant hybrid immunity are age-dependent

Nakagama

Komase

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus are acquired either naturally by SARS-CoV-2 virus infection or due to vaccination. The difference in antibody levels between COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors is related to the immune response to COVID-19 when the virus enters the host (Takita et al 2022). Spike protein portion of the virus binds to the ACE2 receptor after replicating in the viral host cell and then detaches itself and is phagocytosed by Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), such as macrophages or dendritic cells, then antigens from SARS-CoV-2 are presented to helper T cells which then will activate B cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spike-Receptor Binding Domain (SRBD) Antibodies Secretion in COVID-19 Survivors and Non-Survivors Post-Pre-Endemic Vaccination

Museyaroh

Woelansari

Kriharyani

2022

FMI

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Highlights The research this for determine the presence of immune response post-vaccine The results of this study indicate that there are differences in immune responses, in survivors patients have higher SRBD antibody levels than non-survivors Abstract : The development of a vaccine for SARS-COV-2 began in mid-2020 with the aim of stimulating an individual's immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of post-vaccine SRBD antibody secreted in COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors. Antibodies are considered to play a more important role in evaluating immunity because antibody tests may provide information about a person's immune status against SARS-CoV-2. The study was conducted at Husada Utama Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in April – May 2021. The samples were taken prospectively with a total sample of 60 patients, consisting of 40 non-survivors and 20 survivors of COVID-19 who had received Sinovac vaccine doses 1 and 2. Examination of Sars-CoV-2 SRBD antibody was conducted by using CL series of Mindray device by means of CLIA method. The average level of antibody was assessed in each sample group and the results were subjected to the Mann Whitney test. The mean SRBD antibody level in female patients was 428.24 ± 271.25, while in male patients it was 310.40 ± 113.71 U/mL. The results of the Mann Whitney test revealed a P-Value of 0.09 > 0.05, indicating no difference in post-vaccine SRBD antibody levels between females and males, but there were differences in SRBD antibody levels in COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors with a P-Value of <, i.e. 0.00 < 0.05 There was no difference in post-vaccine SRBD antibody levels between females and males in COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors, but there were differences in post-vaccine antibody levels between COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors.

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“…In such a context, their extent of maturity may affect cross-neutralizability and immunotherapy outcome. Immunotherapy using convalescent sera has unfortunately remained investigational for COVID-19, though expected beneficial for those with deficient active immunity [35,36]. To mitigate the emergence of immune-escaping variants in future pandemics, assessing avidity to stratify the potency of donated sera may be a reasonable strategy for effective immunotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody avidity maturation favors SARS-CoV-2 convalescents over vaccinated individuals granting breadth in neutralizability and tolerance against variants

Nakagama¹,

Candray²,

Kaku³

et al. 2022

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Background The durability and cross-neutralizability of protective antibodies against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants are primary concerns in mitigating (re-)exposures. The role of antibody maturation, the process whereby selection of higher avidity antibodies augments host immunity, to determine SARS-CoV-2 neutralizability was investigated. Methods Sera collected from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals at 2- or 10-months after recovery, and BNT162b2 vaccine recipients at 3 or 25 weeks post-vaccination, were analyzed. Anti-spike IgG avidity was measured on a urea-treated ELISA platform. Neutralizing ability of antibodies was assessed by surrogate virus neutralization. Fold change between variant and wild-type antigen neutralizability was calculated to infer breadth of neutralizability. Results Compared with early-convalescence, the avidity index of late-convalescent sera was significantly higher (median 37.7 (interquartile range 28.4-45.1) vs. 64.9 (57.5-71.5), p < 0.0001), indicative of progressive antibody maturation extending months beyond acute-phase illness. The urea-resistant, high-avidity fraction of IgG was best predictive of neutralizability (Spearman's r = 0.49 vs. 0.67 for wild-type; 0.18-0.52 vs. 0.48-0.83 for variants). Higher-avidity convalescent sera showed greater cross-neutralizability against SARS-CoV-2 variants (p < 0.001 for Alpha; p < 0.01 for Delta and Omicron). Vaccinees experienced delayed maturation kinetics, translating to limited breadth of neutralizability at week-25 post-vaccination which was only comparable to that of early-convalescence. Conclusions Avidity maturation grants broader neutralizability that is resilient against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. With immunopotentiation through repeat vaccinations becoming a pivotal strategy to accomplish herd immunity, understanding the variable longitudinal evolutions of the two building blocks of hybrid immunity is crucial.

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Low SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers may be associated with poor clinical outcomes for patients with severe COVID-19

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

The impact of prior COVID-19 on vaccine response and the resultant hybrid immunity are age-dependent

The impact of prior COVID-19 on vaccine response and the resultant hybrid immunity are age-dependent

Spike-Receptor Binding Domain (SRBD) Antibodies Secretion in COVID-19 Survivors and Non-Survivors Post-Pre-Endemic Vaccination

Antibody avidity maturation favors SARS-CoV-2 convalescents over vaccinated individuals granting breadth in neutralizability and tolerance against variants

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