Low serum anti-Müllerian hormone is associated with semen quality in infertile men and not influenced by vitamin D supplementation

Abstract

Background Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is released by testicular Sertoli cells and of great importance during fetal male sexual development, but less is known about the role of circulating AMH during adulthood. In vitro studies have shown that vitamin D may induce AMH transcription, but a controlled trial investigating the possible effect of vitamin D on serum AMH has not been conducted in men. Methods A single-center, double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT01304927) conducted in Copenhagen, Denmark. A total of 307 infertile men were included and randomly assigned (1:1) to a single dose of 300,000 IU cholecalciferol followed by 1400 IU cholecalciferol + 500 mg of calcium daily (n = 151) or placebo (n = 156) for 150 days. Difference in serum AMH was a predefined secondary endpoint. Explorative outcomes were associations between serum AMH and gonadal function in infertile men. The primary endpoint was difference in semen quality and has previously been published. Results Infertile men in the lowest AMH tertile had significantly lower sperm concentration (∆T3-1 16 mill/mL (228%); P < 0.001), sperm count (∆T3-1 55 million (262%); P < 0.001), motile sperm count (∆T3-1 28 million (255%); P < 0.001), progressive motile sperm count (∆T3-1 18 million (300%); P < 0.001), testis size (∆T3-1 2.7 mL (16%); P < 0.001), serum inhibin B (∆T3-1 72 pg/mL (59%); P < 0.001), inhibin B/FSH ratio (∆T3-1 48 (145%); P < 0.001), and higher FSH (∆T3-1 2.6 (38%); P < 0.001) than the tertile of infertile men with highest serum AMH. Vitamin D supplementation had no effect on serum AMH compared with placebo treatment. Conclusions In infertile men, low serum AMH is associated with severely impaired gonadal function illustrated by poor semen quality and lower testosterone/LH ratio. Serum AMH in infertile men was not influenced by vitamin D supplementation.

High-dose cholecalciferol supplementation to obese infertile men is sufficient to reach adequate vitamin D status

“…Wholebody dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was performed on day 1 and on day 150 with light clothing to determine total body composition, including total fat mass in percentage (Lunar Prodigy, GE Healthcare). Reproductive hormones were also measured and have previously been published (10,13,14) .…”

Effects of vitamin D on sex steroids, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone to luteinizing hormone ratio in 307 infertile men

“…Measurements of serum LH and SHBG levels were obtained using a time‐resolved immuno‐fluorometric assay (Delfia, Wallac) with CV < 4% and <6%, respectively. Makers of Sertoli cell function (serum FSH, inhibin B, and AMH) were also measured and have previously been published 20,24 …”

A concise review on breast cancer in pregnancy

“…Table 1 Daily secretion of FSH in men [44] Before Puberty During Puberty Adult Male 0 to 5.0 mlU/mL 0.3 to 10.0 mlU/mL 1.5 to 12.4 mlU/mL During diagnosis for normal health checkup like chest X-ray, and its radiation absorbed by the irradiated tissue may increase the incidence of genetic alterations like DNA mutation, nucleotide delusion, DNA inversion, and translocation. The increase in the incidence of breast cancer occur in women who has exposed to X-ray for diagnosis before the age 15.…”