Low Serum Vitamin D in COVID-19 Patients Is Not Related to Inflammatory Markers and Patients’ Outcomes—A Single-Center Experience and a Brief Review of the Literature

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the vitamin D status in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the correlation with C reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, fibrinogen, and peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as inflammatory derived indices. A prospective study was performed on 203 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, classified by disease severity. Blood was collected after admission, and inflammatory biomarkers and vitamin D status were assessed using routine laboratory procedures. No significant correlation was found between vitamin D serum levels and disease severity stratified by different age groups. However, the highest vitamin D levels were found in patients with mild disease: median 29.39 (IQR 12.12–44.02) ng/mL, while for moderate and severe forms the serum levels were significantly lower: median 15.10 (IQR 9.56–24.11) ng/mL for moderate, and 18.86 (IQR 12.50–27.88) ng/mL for severe; p = 0.009. Patients with no comorbidities showed a significantly higher level of vitamin D median 24.72 (IQR 16.05–31.52) ng/mL compared to subjects with at least one comorbidity: median 16.02 (IQR 9.81–25.22) ng/mL, p = 0.004. We did not find an association between vitamin D levels and inflammatory biomarkers except for significantly lower vitamin D levels in moderate and severe COVID-19 compared to mild disease forms.

COVID-19 and Laboratory Markers from Romanian Patients—A Narrative Review

“…This topic was further addressed by Citu et al in 2022, and it was found that the neutrophil to leukocytes ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil to leukocytes ratio (dNLR), and monocyte to leukocytes ratio (MLR) were found to be good predictors of severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.85, 6.4, and 3.05, respectively, on univariate Cox regression [111]. This is corroborated by Cocos et al, Hutanu et al, Todor et al Restea et al [26,29,36,48]. From this point of view, similar changes could be observed in pediatric cases [22,23,30,39,112].…”

“…The major laboratory markers that were studied by Romanian authors are displayed in Table 1. Yes, even more so in Roma [53,54,[58][59][60][61][62]70] Diabetes [48,94] Antiphospholipid syndrome [47] Hypertension [27] Cardiac dysfunction [46,73,93] Overweight/metabolic syndrome [27,54,93] Lung involvement [50,57] PIMS [83] Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Exacerbation [42] Pneumothorax/ pneumomediastinum [31,72] Liver failure [44] Multiple organ dysfunction [ [57,58,102,103] No [55] More comorbidities [29,101] Lung involvement [57] In addition, this article aimed to identify gaps in this research and provide encouragement for Romanian research to focus on novel and detailed aspects of the pandemic. For instance, as Romania grapples with the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the long-term effects of the disease is of paramount importance.…”

Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Baseline Serum Vitamin D Levels in Hospitalized Egyptian Covid-19 Patients

“…On the other hand, Ozturk et al 24 found no significant relation between vitamin D levels and covid-19 severity nor with the other inflammatory markers. Of note, the study of Huțanu et al 25 concluded that low vitamin D levels are related to more severe forms of the disease but not with inflammatory markers or mortality. Also, the study of Bogliolo et al 26 failed to document a relation between vitamin D levels and mortality.…”

Comment on Huțanu et al. Low Serum Vitamin D in COVID-19 Patients Is Not Related to Inflammatory Markers and Patients’ Outcomes—A Single-Center Experience and a Brief Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1998

“…The article by Hut , anu et al [1] attempts to evaluate the protective effects, or lack thereof, provided by serum vitamin D against COVID-19.…”