Low-speed pre-ignition and super-knock in boosted spark-ignition engines: A review

Rönn, Kristian; Swarts, André; Kalaskar, Vickey; Alger, Terry D.; Tripathi, Rupali; Keskiväli, Juha; Kaario, Ossi; Santasalo-Aarnio, Annukka; Reitz, Rolf D.; Larmi, Martti

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101064

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…The temperature in the area of the throttle valve does not exceed 100 °C . Since the end of 1980s, carburetor engines have practically ceased to be used in cars . What is more, they have been replaced by injection engines with port fuel injected (PFI) into the intake manifold .…”

Section: The Market For Branded Gasoline and Multifunctional Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Abdellatief,

Ershov,

Savelenko

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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The development of oil refining in advanced nations is mostly focused on low-carbon fuel. Similar efforts are being made to improve the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engines, which will result in lower exhaust emissions. Furthermore, by assessing the indicated trends in engine building, it is important for fuel manufacturers to understand how the requirements for gasoline quality indicators will change, primarily for its knock resistance. The aim of the current comprehensive article is to study the state-of-the-art review emphasizing recent progress and prospects for producing high-octane gasoline fuel toward market development. The market for branded gasoline and multifunctional additives, involving friction modifiers, corrosion inhibitor components, as well as detergent components is presented. Furthermore, market development trends and quality requirements for motor gasoline, involving antiknocking characteristics and gasoline oxygenated compounds as additives, are exhibited. Besides, perspective gasoline engine technologies, including different types of engines, are declared. The formulation of effective gasoline surrogates is a challenging task due to advanced combustion strategies, engine design, and variable operating conditions in spark-ignition engines. The extensive development of direct injection and turbocharging technologies is constrained by the actual compression ratio of engines. Likewise, an increase in the knock resistance of the produced gasoline would further increase the compression ratio and efficiency of new internal combustion engines.

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Section: The Market For Branded Gasoline and Multifunctional Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Since the end of 1980s, carburetor engines have practically ceased to be used in cars. 21 What is more, they have been replaced by injection engines with port fuel injected (PFI) into the intake manifold. 22 A more economical and environmentally friendly injection system proved to be more demanding on detergents.…”

Section: Detergent Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Abdellatief,

Ershov,

Savelenko

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…During the front formation stage (1-4), the temperature profile exhibits a steeper gradient, and the ignition front begins to form with an average speed of approximately 10 000 m/s. Finally, the process enters the final volumetric ignition stage (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9), where the ignition occurs uniformly throughout the unburnt mixture with an average speed of approximately 27 000 m/s. The temperature profiles indicate that the minimum temperature reached during the ignition process is approximately 1500 K, inducing rapid ignition propagation.…”

Section: Analysis Of Supersonic Ignition Front Propagation (Point 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 It is typically triggered by the interaction of a shock wave with a propagating reaction front either on the cylinder surfaces or within a localized hotspot with favorable heat release and reactivity gradient. 7 All forms of knock have adverse effects on engine performance, emissions, and durability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient two-dimensional simulation of primary reference fuel ignition under engine-relevant thermal stratification

Shahanaghi,

Karimkashi,

Kaario

et al. 2023

Physics of Fluids

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Despite vast research on engine knock, there remains a limited understanding of the interaction between reaction front propagation, pressure oscillations, and fuel chemistry. To explore this through computational fluid dynamics, the adoption of advanced numerical methods is necessary. In this context, the current study introduces ARCFoam, a computational framework that combines dynamic mesh balancing, chemistry balancing, and adaptive mesh refinement with an explicit, density-based solver designed for simulating high-speed flows in OpenFOAM. First, the validity and performance of the solver are assessed by simulating directly initiated detonation in a hydrogen/air mixture. Second, the study explores the one/two-dimensional (1D/2D) hotspot ignition for the primary reference fuel and illuminates the impact of transitioning to 2D simulations on the predicted combustion modes. The 2D hotspot simulations reveal a variety of 2D physical phenomena, including the appearance of converging shock/detonation fronts as a result of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior and shock wave reflection-induced detonation. The main results of the paper are as follows: (1) NTC chemistry is capable of drastically changing the anticipated reaction front propagation mode by manipulating the local/global reactivity distribution inside and outside the hotspot, (2) subsonic hotspot ignition can induce detonation (superknock) through the generation of shock waves and subsequent wall reflections, and (3) while the 1D framework predicts the initial combustion mode within the hotspot, significant differences between 1D and 2D results may emerge in scenarios involving ignition-to-detonation transitions and curvature effect on shock/detonation front propagation.

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Progress in knock combustion modeling of spark ignition engines

Ji,

Meng,

Han

et al. 2025

Applied Energy

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Low-speed pre-ignition and super-knock in boosted spark-ignition engines: A review

Cited by 19 publications

References 139 publications

Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Efficient two-dimensional simulation of primary reference fuel ignition under engine-relevant thermal stratification

Progress in knock combustion modeling of spark ignition engines

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