Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Silk Fabric Degummed by Different Methods

Chopra, Swamini; Chattopadhyay, R.; Gulrajani, M L

doi:10.1080/00405009608631356

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The results are in contrast to those reported by Chopra et al, [49] who demonstrated that enzyme treated samples rate marginally better than the soap-treated samples.…”

Section: Whiteness and Whiteness After Bleaching With H 2 Ocontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaline proteases performed better than acidic and neutral ones in terms of complete and uniform sericin removal, retention of tensile properties, and improvement of surface smoothness, handle, and lustre of silk [46][47][48]. Enzyme degummed silk fabric displayed a higher degree of surface whiteness, but higher shear and bending rigidity, lower fullness, and softness of handle than soap and alkali degummed fabric, owing to residual sericin remaining at the cross over points between warp and weft yarns [49]. Freddi et al [33] applied acidic, neutral, and alkaline proteases to silk degumming and found that alkaline and neutral proteases performed better than acidic proteases in terms of complete sericin removal.…”

Section: Degumming Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could be made possible by the milder treatment conditions, the recycling of processing water, the recovery of valuable by-products such as sericin peptides, and the lower environ-mental impact of effluents [33]. However, the limitations of higher cost of enzymes compared to chemicals and the necessary continuous use of enzymes may limit the development of industrial processes using proteolytic degumming methods [41,49].…”

Section: Degumming Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Physichochemical and Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Silk Fabrics Degummed by Enzymes

Kalantzi¹,

Mamma²,

Kekos³

2013

Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing

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The earliest evidence of silk was found at the sites of Yangshao culture in Xia County, Shanxi, where a silk cocoon was found cut in half by a sharp knife, dating back to between 4000 and 3000 BCE. The species was identified as bombyx mori, the domesticated silkworm. Fragments of primitive loom can also be seen from the sites of Hemudu culture in Yuyao, Zhejiang, dated to about 4000 BCE. Scraps of silk were found in a Liangzhu culture site at Qianshanyang in Huzhou, Zhejiang, dating back to 2700 BCE. Other fragments have been recovered from royal tombs in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-c. 1046 BCE). During the later epoch, the Chinese lost their secret to the Koreans, the Japanese, and later the Indians, as they discovered how to make silk. Allusions to the fabric in the Old Testament show that it was known in western Asia in biblical times. Scholars believe that starting in the 2nd century BCE the Chinese established a commercial network aimed at exporting silk to the West. Silk was used, for example, by the Persian court and its king, Darius III, when Alexander the Great conquered the empire. Even though silk spread rapidly across Eurasia, with the possible exception of Japan its production remained exclusively Chinese for three millennia. According to FAO estimates, the world raw silk production for the year 2010 was 164971 tonnes [2]. Approximately 98% of the world's production is in Asia and especially in Eastern Asia (Figure 1). China is the leader in raw silk production followed by India (Table 1). Figure 1. Production of raw silk across Asia (FAO, 2010) Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing 234 Country Production (tonnes) Country Production (tonnes)

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“…The results are in contrast to those reported by Chopra et al, [49] who demonstrated that enzyme treated samples rate marginally better than the soap-treated samples.…”

Section: Whiteness and Whiteness After Bleaching With H 2 Ocontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Degumming Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Degumming Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physichochemical and Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Silk Fabrics Degummed by Enzymes

Kalantzi¹,

Mamma²,

Kekos³

2013

Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing

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“…The application of KES has been reported for characterizing the effect of enzymes on the handle of undyed fabrics. [9,10] The shear hysteresis (2HG5) has been suggested for evaluation of the efficiency of silicone softeners on cotton fabrics. [11] Considering the importance of the cellulase finishing and the potential interference of the enzymatic hydrolysis with reactive dyes present on the fabrics, this work focuses on the objective evaluation of cellulase efficiency on cotton fabrics dyed with reactive dyes by means of KES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective Evaluation of the Efficiency of Cellulase Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Reactive Dyes

Betcheva

Stamenova

Boutris³

et al. 2003

Macro Materials & Eng

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This work evaluates the effect of cellulase finishing of dyed cotton fabrics. Fabric samples were dyed with reactive dyes possessing different reactive groups with or without metal atoms in their structures. Enzymatic treatments were carried out with total crude cellulase (TC), purified endoglugonase (EG) and cellobiohydrolase (CBH). The Kawabata system (KES) was used to evaluate the effect of enzymatic treatments depending on the pre‐existing dyes on the cotton fabric. Dyed samples differed significantly from the undyed samples in their physico‐mechanical characteristics after the cellulase application. It was found that the geometrical roughness of fabrics could provide a quantitative description of the influence of the reactive dye structure on the cellulase finishing efficiency.Influence of reactive type group on the relative change of geometrical roughness of dyed fabrics.magnified imageInfluence of reactive type group on the relative change of geometrical roughness of dyed fabrics.

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“…Alkaline proteases perform better than other proteases (acid and neutral) with respect to uniform sericin removal and improvement of silk quality. In comparison with conventional process there are certain drawbacks which are found in enzymatically degummed silk fiber quality: higher shear and bending rigidity, lower fullness and softness to handle, remnant of the sericin at cross over points between wrap and weft (Chopra et al, 1996). Inspite of lower performance and higher cost of enzyme compared to chemical, enzymatic treatment attract the attention of scientists and technologists for the ecofriendly aspect of the process (Duran and Duran, 2000;Gubitz and Cavaco-Paulo, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degumming of Raw Silk Fabric With Help of Marine Extracellular Protease

Das

Sudarshan²,

Thakur

et al. 2013

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Protease secreting microbe was isolated and characterized on the basis of their morphological, biochemical, physiological and 16S rDNA based molecular properties. The extracellular protease was quantified and characterized. Protease was used for different time (4, 8, 12 and 24 h) at different temperature (RT and 37°C) for optimization of the degumming process for raw silk fabric with enzyme dosage (0.2-1 unit/cm 2 of fabric). Post-enzymatic treatment, the fabric quality and texture was compared with conventionally treated as well as untreated fabric in terms of degumming loss, tensile strength and yarn count and colour fastness to light/water. The isolate SM1 (Bacillus thuringensis) was able to grow in Carbon Minimal Salt Medium (CMSM) with jaggery or tamarind as the carbon source (0.3% w/v). Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescense (EDXRF) data showed intracellular accumulation of heavy metal by the isolate. Extracellular protease was able to degum silk fabric within 4 h at RT with enzyme concentration of 0.8unit/cm 2 and the maximum degumming loss was 21.72%. Post enzymatic degumming, a shiny texture was observed under Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) and the yarn volume also increased. Utilization of CMSM made the process cost effective during large scale application. Intracellular metal accumulation and growth in a wide range of temperature and pH made the isolate a potential candidate for bioremediation. Extracellular protease with significant degumming property could be used as an eco friendly approach as compared to the conventional chemical treatment.

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Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Silk Fabric Degummed by Different Methods

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Physichochemical and Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Silk Fabrics Degummed by Enzymes

Physichochemical and Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Silk Fabrics Degummed by Enzymes

Objective Evaluation of the Efficiency of Cellulase Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Reactive Dyes

Degumming of Raw Silk Fabric With Help of Marine Extracellular Protease

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