Low‐Temperature ABC‐Type Atomic Layer Deposition: Synthesis of Highly Uniform Ultrafine Supported Metal Nanoparticles

Lu, Junling; Stair, Peter C.

doi:10.1002/anie.200907168

Cited by 89 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For example, techniques such as atomic layer deposition could be employed to generate well-defined coverages of different metal and metal oxide layers on both model surfaces and high-surface area catalysts. [161][162][163][164][165][166][167] Another opportunity for generating control over the interface (and being able to employ reliable computational modeling approaches) is to employ metal nanoparticles that are very well-defined in their structure [168][169][170][171][172][173][174] , including the use of single metal atoms as catalysts. [175][176][177][178] Finally, work using tethered organocatalysts suggests an interesting path for designing bifunctional catalysts for biomass conversions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifunctional Catalysts for Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates: A Review

2016

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Deoxygenation is an important reaction in the conversion of biomass-derived oxygenates to fuels and chemicals. A key route for biomass refining involves the production of pyrolysis oil through rapid heating of the raw biomass feedstock. Pyrolysis oil as produced is highly oxygenated, so the feasibility of this approach depends in large part on the ability to selectively deoxygenate pyrolysis oil components to create a stream of high-value finished products. Identification of catalytic materials that are active and selective for deoxygenation of pyrolysis oil components has therefore represented a major research area. One catalyst is rarely capable of performing the different types of elementary reaction steps required to deoxygenate biomass-derived compounds. For this reason, considerable attention has been placed on bifunctional catalysts, where two different active materials are used to provide catalytic sites for diverse reaction steps. Here, we review recent trends in the development of catalysts, with a focus on catalysts for which a bifunctional effect has been proposed. We summarize recent studies of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of pyrolysis oil and model compounds for a range of materials, including supported metal and bimetallic catalysts as well as transition metal oxides, sulfides, carbides, nitrides, and phosphides. Particular emphasis is placed on how catalyst structure can be related to performance via molecular-level mechanisms. These studies demonstrate the importance of catalyst bifunctionality, with each class of materials requiring hydrogenation and C-O scission sites to perform HDO at reasonable rates. OH R' RO Phenolics O OH R Acids O R Ketones and Aldehydes R" R'

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifunctional Catalysts for Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates: A Review

2016

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“…We recently developed a strategy of low-temperature ABC-type metal ALD for synthesizing subnanometer metal clusters with high loadings, as depicted in Fig. 11 [117,118]. This procedure combines the deposition of catalytic metal at low temperatures (50-150°C…”

Section: Temperature Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 12 shows a Pt/TiO 2 catalyst with an average particle size of 0.5 nm at a loading of 1.2 wt % synthesized using the A/B/C sequence: MeCpPtMe 3titanium isopropoxide (TTIP)-H 2 O. Reprinted with permission from [118]. Copyright © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.…”

Section: Temperature Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic layer deposition—Sequential self-limiting surface reactions for advanced catalyst “bottom-up” synthesis

Elam

Stair

2016

Surface Science Reports

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275

215

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Catalyst synthesis with precise control over the structure of catalytic active sites at the atomic level is of essential importance for the scientific understanding of reaction mechanisms and for rational design of advanced catalysts with high performance. Such precise control is achievable using atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD is similar to chemical vapor deposition (CVD), except that the deposition is split into a sequence of two self-limiting surface reactions between gaseous precursor molecules and a substrate. The unique self-limiting feature of ALD allows conformal deposition of catalytic materials on a high surface area catalyst support at the atomic level. The deposited catalytic materials can be precisely constructed on the support by varying the number and type of ALD cycles. As an alternative to the wet-chemistry based conventional methods, ALD provides a cycle-by-cycle "bottom-up" approach for nanostructuring supported catalysts with near atomic precision. In this review, we summarize recent attempts to synthesize supported catalysts with ALD. Nucleation and growth of metals by ALD on oxides and carbon materials for precise synthesis of supported monometallic catalyst are reviewed. The capability of achieving precise control over the particle size of monometallic nanoparticles by ALD is emphasized. The resulting metal catalysts with high dispersions and uniformity often show comparable or remarkably higher activity than those prepared by conventional methods. For supported bimetallic catalyst synthesis, we summarize the strategies for controlling the deposition of the secondary metal selectively on the primary metal nanoparticle but not on the support to exclude monometallic formation. As a review of the surface chemistry and growth behavior of metal ALD on metal surfaces, we demonstrate the ways to precisely tune size, composition and structure of bimetallic metal nanoparticles. The cycle-by-cycle "bottom up" construction of bimetallic (or multiple components) nanoparticles with near atomic precision on supports by ALD is illustrated. Applying metal oxide ALD over metal nanoparticles can be used to precisely synthesize nanostructured metal catalysts. In this part, the surface chemistry of Al 2 O 3 ALD on metals is specifically reviewed. Next, we discuss the methods of tailoring the catalytic performance of metal catalysts including activity, selectivity and stability, through selective blocking of the low-coordination sites of metal nanoparticles, the confinement effect, and the formation of new metal-oxide interfaces. Synthesis of supported metal oxide catalysts with high dispersions and "bottom up" nanostructured photocatalytic architectures are also included. Therein, the surface chemistry and morphology of oxide ALD on oxides and carbon materials as well as their catalytic performance are summarized.

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“…This passivation layer is used to protect the catalyst from sintering and is undesirable for catalysis applications. 54 More interesting, ALD has been creatively used by several groups 57,62 to protect the catalyst from sintering in a high temperature reaction environment. This principle could be readily extended to protect catalysts on PEC electrodes to extend catalyst lifetimes.…”

Section: Catalyst Engineering For Photoelectrochemical Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic layer deposition for electrochemical energy generation and storage systems

Peng

Lewis

Hoertz

et al. 2011

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Clean renewable energy sources (e.g., solar, wind, and hydro) offers the most promising solution to energy and environmental sustainability. On the other hand, owing to the spatial and temporal variations of renewable energy sources, and transportation and mobility needs, high density energy storage and efficient energy distribution to points of use is also critical. Moreover, it is challenging to scale up those processes in a cost-effective way. Electrochemical processes, including photoelectrochemical devices, batteries, fuel cells, super capacitors, and others, have shown promise for addressing many of the abovementioned challenges. Materials with designer properties, especially the interfacial properties, play critical role for the performance of those devices. Atomic layer deposition is capable of precise engineering material properties on atomic scale. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge of the applications, perspective and challenges of atomic layer deposition process on the electrochemical energy generation and storage devices and processes.

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Low‐Temperature ABC‐Type Atomic Layer Deposition: Synthesis of Highly Uniform Ultrafine Supported Metal Nanoparticles

Cited by 89 publications

References 27 publications

Bifunctional Catalysts for Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates: A Review

Bifunctional Catalysts for Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates: A Review

Atomic layer deposition—Sequential self-limiting surface reactions for advanced catalyst “bottom-up” synthesis

Atomic layer deposition for electrochemical energy generation and storage systems

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