Low-temperature atomistic spin relaxation and non-equilibrium intensive properties using steepest-entropy-ascent quantum-inspired thermodynamics modeling

Abstract

The magnetization of body-centered cubic iron at low temperatures is calculated with the steepestentropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics (SEAQT) framework. This framework assumes that a thermodynamic property in an isolated system traces the path through state space with the greatest entropy production. Magnetization is calculated from the expected value of a thermodynamic ensemble of quantized spin waves based on the Heisenberg spin model applied to an ensemble of coupled harmonic oscillators. A realistic energy landscape is obtained from a magnon dispersion relation calculated using spin-density-functional-theory. The equilibrium magnetization as well as the evolution of magnetization from a non-equilibrium state to equilibrium are calculated from the path of steepest entropy ascent determined from the SEAQT equation of motion in state space. The framework makes it possible to model the temperature-and time-dependence of magnetization without a detailed description of magnetic damping. The approach is also used to define intensive properties (temperature and magnetic field strength) that are fundamentally, i.e., canonically or grand canonically, valid for any non-equilibrium state. Given the assumed magnon dispersion relation, the SEAQT framework is used to calculate the equilibrium magnetization at different temperatures and external magnetic fields and the results are shown to closely agree with experiment for temperatures less than 500 K. The time-dependent evolution of magnetization from different initial states and interactions with a reservoir is also predicted. arXiv:1809.10619v2 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]

Predicting Polymer Brush Behavior in Solvents Using the Steepest-Entropy-Ascent Quantum Thermodynamic Framework

“…A similar extension of the Onsager formalism to the far-from-equilibrium region using the steepest-entropy-ascent hypo-equilibrium formalism has been derived by Li and von Spakovsky . While the steepest-entropy-ascent principle is treated here as a postulate, it has a long history, has a firm mathematical basis, − ,, and has been tested in a wide range of quantum and classical applications. − ,− ,,, Additional discussion of the generality of the steepest-entropy-ascent principle, can be found in refs , , , and .…”

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“…To treat nonequilibrium processes explicitly, this work applies the steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic (SEAQT) framework − to determine a brush system’s kinetic path from an arbitrary initial state to stable equilibrium. The framework uses a postulated equation of motion to calculate how energy is redistributed among a brush’s discrete energy levels as it evolves through transition states to equilibrium.…”

A thermodynamic scaling law for electrically perturbed lipid membranes: validation with the steepest-entropy-ascent framework

“…To validate the scaling model, the non-equilibrium, ensemble-based SEAQT framework is used. It is able to model systems undergoing non-equilibrium processes, even those far from equilibrium, from the atomistic to the macroscopic level [23,34,24,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49]. This framework is not limited to any type of state (i.e.…”

Entropy-Driven Microstructure Evolution Predicted with the Steepest-Entropy-Ascent Quantum Thermodynamic Framework

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