Low-temperature catalytic alkylation of benzene by propane

Abasov, S. I.; Babayeva, F.A.; Zarbaliyev, R.R.; Abbasova, G.G.; Тагиев, Д. Б.; Rustamov, M. I.

doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(03)00342-9

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Olah et al pioneered the alkylation of benzene with light alkanes in liquid superacid media to obtain EtPh and iPrPh in low yields (1.0 and 1.4%) at 25 °C in 24 h reaction time. Later more efficient and environment-friendly solid catalysts had been discovered for the alkylation of benzene with ethane − and propane − in the gas phase. These catalysts comprise zeolites modified with metals such as Pt, Pd, Re, Ga, or Zn and operate via bifunctional pathway, which includes alkane dehydrogenation on metal sites to form alkene and H 2 followed by benzene alkylation with the alkene on acid sites (Scheme ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Alkylation of Benzene with Propane over Bifunctional Pt-Heteropoly Acid Catalyst

et al. 2015

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The alkylation of benzene with propane to yield isopropylbenzene proceeds with high selectivity over bifunctional metal-acid catalysts comprising Pt and Keggin heteropoly acid in a fixed-bed reactor at 250-350 o C and 1 bar pressure. Most efficiently the reaction occurs over Pt/H 4 SiW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 catalyst at 300 o C, giving isopropylbenzene with 90-93% selectivity at 6-8% benzene conversion, significantly exceeding the efficiency of previously reported Pt/HZSM-5 catalyst. The alkylation proceeds through bifunctional reaction pathway including dehydrogenation of propane to propene (1) on Pt sites followed by benzene alkylation with propene (2) on acid sites. At Pt loadings above 0.5%, step (1) is at fast quasi-equilibrium, and step (2) is the rate-limiting one.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Alkylation of Benzene with Propane over Bifunctional Pt-Heteropoly Acid Catalyst

et al. 2015

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“…The alkylation of aromatics with alkanes, in particular, represents a potential new route for the synthesis of important feedstock chemicals such as n -propylbenzene 1 and cumene, , ethyltoluenes, , and ethylbenzene . The use of propane as an alkylating agent, for the synthesis of cumene and n -propylbenzene from benzene, has received the most attention with studies on different types of catalysts. , Using H-ZSM-5 catalysts, at low temperatures and propane conversions, cumene and n -propylbenzene were the major observed products. However, with increasing temperature and conversion, ethylbenzene, toluene, ethane, and methane were the main products as a result of secondary cracking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Pressure during the Alkylation of Toluene with Ethane

Singer

Rezai

Sealy

et al. 2006

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The direct alkylation of toluene with ethane to the isomeric ethyltoluenes and hydrogen using a bifunctional Pd/H-ZSM-5 catalyst was carried out in a fixed-bed, flow-type reactor. The effect of pressure was investigated between 1 and 100 bar and at moderate temperatures of 300 and 350 °C. From stoichiometry, no influence of pressure is expected for ideal gases. However, thermodynamic equilibrium calculations for a network of reactions, taking into account nonideal gas behaVior, do predict an influence of pressure. Toluene conversions of 5-8% observed experimentally at 300 °C over the entire pressure range are in line with these calculations. In contrast, the toluene conversion observed at 350 °C and 50 bar is at 27% well above the equilibrium value calculated using a limited reaction network. It is proposed that the formation of hydrogen-rich light alkanes is favored at high pressures, creating a hydrogen sink. Hence, the equilibrium is shifted toward the formation of ethyltoluenes. The maximum experimental yield of ethyltoluenes achieved so far is approximately 14 wt %.

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“…The alkylation of benzene with ethene and propene is used to manufacture ethylbenzene (EtPh) and isopropylbenzene (iPrPh), which are the intermediates in styrene and phenol production, respectively [1]. It has been demonstrated that ethene and propene can be replaced by abundant and inexpensive alkanes, ethane and propane, which would lead to the more cost-effective and environmentally friendly production of these commodity chemicals [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The alkylation of benzene with light alkanes occurs in the gas phase in the presence of solid bifunctional metal-acid catalysts, which operate via a pathway, shown in Scheme 1, including the dehydrogenation of alkane on metal sites to form alkene and H 2 (step 1) followed by the alkylation of benzene with the alkene on acid sites (step 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The alkylation of benzene with light alkanes occurs in the gas phase in the presence of solid bifunctional metal-acid catalysts, which operate via a pathway, shown in Scheme 1, including the dehydrogenation of alkane on metal sites to form alkene and H2 (step 1) followed by the alkylation of benzene with the alkene on acid sites (step 2). Pt-zeolite bifunctional catalysts have been shown to be the most active for benzene alkylation with ethane [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The best results have been attained using Pt-modified HZSM-5 zeolite to obtain >90% selectivity to EtPh at an almost equilibrium benzene conversion of 12% [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Alkylation of Benzene by Propane over Bifunctional Pd-Acid Catalysts

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The alkylation of benzene by propane to yield isopropylbenzene (iPrPh) was studied using bifunctional Pd-acid catalysts, such as Pd-heteropoly acid and Pd-zeolite, in a fixed bed reactor at 300 • C and 1 bar pressure. Keggin-type tungstosilicic acid H 4 SiW 12 O 40 (HSiW) and zeolite HZSM-5 were used as the acid components in these catalysts. The reaction occurred most efficiently over 2%Pd/25%HSiW/SiO 2 , giving iPrPh with up to 88% selectivity. The Pd-HSiW catalyst was more selective than the Pd-HZSM-5; the latter gave only 11-18% iPrPh selectivity. The reaction proceeded via a bifunctional mechanism including the dehydrogenation of propane to form propene on Pd sites, followed by the alkylation of benzene with the propene on acid sites. The effect of Pd loading in Pd-HSiW and Pd-HZSM-5 catalysts indicated that the first step reached quasi-equilibrium at 1.5-2% Pd loading and the second step became rate limiting. The addition of gold to Pd-HSiW enhanced the activity of this catalyst, although the Au-HSiW without Pd was inert.

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Low-temperature catalytic alkylation of benzene by propane

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Selective Alkylation of Benzene with Propane over Bifunctional Pt-Heteropoly Acid Catalyst

Selective Alkylation of Benzene with Propane over Bifunctional Pt-Heteropoly Acid Catalyst

Influence of Pressure during the Alkylation of Toluene with Ethane

Selective Alkylation of Benzene by Propane over Bifunctional Pd-Acid Catalysts

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