“…Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the crucial precursors in the formation of ozone, secondary organic aerosols, and photochemical smog, which can harm both human health and the environment. − Therefore, several abatement technologies have been developed and widely used for the elimination of VOCs, including combustion, , thermal catalysis, , catalytic ozonation, , and adsorption . Among these techniques, catalytic ozonation has attracted a great deal of attention due to its excellent ability to degrade VOCs under mild reaction conditions. − Gaseous toluene, as a typical hazardous VOC, , is typically used as the representative VOC to characterize the performances for catalytic ozonation. − …”