Low-temperature electrical conductivity of pure metals

Gurzhi, R. N.; Kopeliovich, A. I.

doi:10.1070/pu1981v024n01abeh004608

Cited by 38 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Rhenium 33 and Silver 34 are among the most extreme cases with L / L 0 at and below 0.1. This effect is due to electron–phonon scattering and a transition from inelastic large angle to small-angle scattering processes 13 , 35 . In hydrodynamic systems, L can become arbitrarily small because of the difference between the two relaxation times τ mr and τ er governing electrical and thermal transport, respectively 3 , 5 , 14 , 36 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A signature of the hydrodynamic nature of transport emerges when the flow of the electrons is restricted to channels 11 , 12 . The electrical resistance of a hydrodynamic electron liquid is then proportional to its shear viscosity, and therefore paradoxically increases with increasing mean free path of the electrons 2 , 13 . Viscosity-induced shear forces at the channel walls cause a nonuniform velocity profile, so that the electrical resistivity becomes a function of the channel width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal and electrical signatures of a hydrodynamic electron fluid in tungsten diphosphide

et al. 2018

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In stark contrast to ordinary metals, in materials in which electrons strongly interact with each other or with phonons, electron transport is thought to resemble the flow of viscous fluids. Despite their differences, it is predicted that transport in both conventional and correlated materials is fundamentally limited by the uncertainty principle applied to energy dissipation. Here we report the observation of experimental signatures of hydrodynamic electron flow in the Weyl semimetal tungsten diphosphide. Using thermal and magneto-electric transport experiments, we find indications of the transition from a conventional metallic state at higher temperatures to a hydrodynamic electron fluid below 20 K. The hydrodynamic regime is characterized by a viscosity-induced dependence of the electrical resistivity on the sample width and by a strong violation of the Wiedemann–Franz law. Following the uncertainty principle, both electrical and thermal transport are bound by the quantum indeterminacy, independent of the underlying transport regime.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and electrical signatures of a hydrodynamic electron fluid in tungsten diphosphide

et al. 2018

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“…Since the typical sample size for ballistic transport measurements is around 0.1 to 1 µm [20,53], one can actually realize ballistic conduction in NbP at low temperatures. For the hydrodynamic electron behavior discussed in the introduction, the energy-relaxing momentumconserving electron-electron scattering must happen on time scales shorter than τ mr [14,15,33,34]. Because the found τ mr is rather large, the hydrodynamic behavior and, eventually, the super-ballistic electron flows may be possible in NbP.…”

Section: B Itinerant Charge Carriersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Optical conductivity of the Weyl semimetal NbP

Neubauer

Yaresko

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. B

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The optical properties of (001)-oriented NbP single crystals have been studied in a wide spectral range from 6 meV to 3 eV from room temperature down to 10 K. The itinerant carriers lead to a Drude-like contribution to the optical response; we can further identify two pronounced phonon modes and interband transitions starting already at rather low frequencies. By comparing our experimental findings to the calculated interband optical conductivity, we can assign the features observed in the measured conductivity to certain interband transitions. In particular, we find that transitions between the electronic bands spilt by spin-orbit coupling dominate the interband conductivity of NbP below 100 meV. At low temperatures, the momentum-relaxing scattering rate of the itinerant carriers in NbP is very small, leading to macroscopic characteristic length scales of the momentum relaxation of approximately 0.5 µm.

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“…2.4) seems to contradict an intuitive notion that it is the viscosity of a liquid that defines its rate of flow. In a certain regime, indeed, the resistivity does depend on the viscosity of the electron liquid [59,60]. This effect is not taken into account by the standard BE which neglects not only quantum but also classical correlations between scattering events.…”

Section: Viscous Contribution To the Resistivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistivity of non-Galilean-invariant Fermi- and non-Fermi liquids

Pal¹,

Yudson²,

Maslov³

2012

Lith. J. Phys.

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While it is well-known that the electron-electron (ee) interaction cannot affect the resistivity of a Galilean-invariant Fermi liquid (FL), the reverse statement is not necessarily true: the resistivity of a non-Galilean-invariant FL does not necessarily follow a T 2 behavior. The T 2 behavior is guaranteed only if Umklapp processes are allowed; however, if the Fermi surface (FS) is small or the electron-electron interaction is of a very long range, Umklapps are suppressed. In this case, a T 2 term can result only from a combined -but distinct from quantum-interference corrections -effect of the electron-impurity and ee interactions. Whether the T 2 term is present depends on (i) dimensionality [two dimensions (2D) vs three dimensions (3D)], (ii) topology (simply-vs multiply-connected), and (iii) shape (convex vs concave) of the FS. In particular, the T 2 term is absent for any quadratic (but not necessarily isotropic) spectrum both in 2D and 3D. The T 2 term is also absent for a convex and simply-connected but otherwise arbitrarily anisotropic FS in 2D. The origin of this nullification is approximate integrability of the electron motion on a 2D FS, where the energy and momentum conservation laws do not allow for current relaxation to leading -second -order in T /EF (EF is the Fermi energy). If the T 2 term is nullified by the conservation law, the first non-zero term behaves as T 4 . The same applies to a quantum-critical metal in the vicinity of a Pomeranchuk instability, with a proviso that the leading (first non-zero) term in the resistivity scales as T D+2 3 (T D+83 ). We discuss a number of situations when integrability is weakly broken, e. g., by inter-plane hopping in a quasi-2D metal or by warping of the FS as in the surface states of topological insulators of the Bi2Te3 family. The paper is intended to be self-contained and pedagogical; review of the existing results is included along with the original ones wherever deemed necessary for completeness.

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Low-temperature electrical conductivity of pure metals

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Thermal and electrical signatures of a hydrodynamic electron fluid in tungsten diphosphide

Thermal and electrical signatures of a hydrodynamic electron fluid in tungsten diphosphide

Optical conductivity of the Weyl semimetal NbP

Resistivity of non-Galilean-invariant Fermi- and non-Fermi liquids

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