Low Temperature Exotherms in Xylems of Evergreen and Deciduous Broad-Leaved Trees in Japan With Reference to Freezing Resistance and Distribution Range

Kaku, Shosuke; Mari, Iwaya Inoue

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-447650-9.50020-4

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, it is not associated with an increased risk of injury, since at that time minimum ambient temperatures do not drop below −16 °C, a temperature at which complete hardiness is maintained. Kaku & Iwaya (1978) reported that in spring the initiation temperature of LTE in twigs of very hardy deciduous tree species ranged between −15 °C and −25 °C and intracellular freezing, with its potential risk of injury, can be precluded here. Shoots are not susceptible to damage by temperatures in the range of −12 °C to −16 °C until towards the end of April, suggesting that the course of dehardening is at least 3 weeks behind the gradual temperature increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Altitudinal and seasonal variation of frost resistance of Fagus crenata and Betula ermanii along the Pacific slope of Mt. Fuji, Japan

1999

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Altitudinal and seasonal variation of frost resistance of Fagus crenata and Betula ermanii along the Pacific slope of Mt. Fuji, Japan

1999

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“…Thus, the temperature limit of supercooling in XPCs determines the cold hardiness of an entire tree and is a key factor for distribution of trees in cold areas (Daniell and Crosby 1968;Quamme et al 1972). It has been shown that the temperature limit of supercooling in XPCs changes depending on latitudinal and seasonal changes of environmental temperatures (Quamme et al 1972;George and Burke 1977;Kaku and Iwaya 1978;Ashworth et al 1983;Wisniewski and Ashworth 1986;Lindstrom et al 1995;Fujikawa and Kuroda 2000). Thus, trees have adapted to environmental temperatures by changing the temperature limit of supercooling in XPCs (Fujikawa and Kuroda 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Presence of supercooling-facilitating (anti-ice nucleation) hydrolyzable tannins in deep supercooling xylem parenchyma cells in Cercidiphyllum japonicum

Wang

Kasuga

Kuwabara

et al. 2011

Planta

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Xylem parenchyma cells (XPCs) in trees adapt to subzero temperatures by deep supercooling. Our previous study indicated the possibility of the presence of diverse kinds of supercooling-facilitating (SCF; anti-ice nucleation) substances in XPCs of katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum), all of which might have an important role in deep supercooling of XPCs. In the previous study, a few kinds of SCF flavonol glycosides were identified. Thus, in the present study, we tried to identify other kinds of SCF substances in XPCs of katsura tree. SCF substances were purified from xylem extracts by silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Then, four SCF substances isolated were identified by UV, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The results showed that the four kinds of hydrolyzable gallotannins, 2,2',5-tri-O-galloyl-α,β-D-hamamelose (trigalloyl Ham or kurigalin), 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (trigalloyl Glc), 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (tetragalloyl Glc) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pentagalloyl Glc), in XPCs exhibited supercooling capabilities in the range of 1.5-4.5°C, at a concentration of 1 mg mL⁻¹. These SCF substances, including flavonol glycosides and hydrolyzable gallotannins, may contribute to the supercooling in XPCs of katsura tree.

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“…The temperature limits of supercooling in XPCs gradually decrease from warm areas toward cold areas in parallel with latitudinal temperature reduction, possibly reflecting evolutional cold acclimation [14,18]. The temperature limits of supercooling in XPCs also change depending on seasonal environmental temperature as a result of seasonal cold acclimation and deacclimation [14,25,37,46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-ice nucleation activity in xylem extracts from trees that contain deep supercooling xylem parenchyma cells

et al. 2007

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Boreal hardwood species, including Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla Sukat.var. japonica Hara), Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.), katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. et Zucc.), Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata Blume), mulberry (Morus bombycis Koidz.) and Japanese rowan (Sorbus commixta Hedl.), had xylem parenchyma cells (XPCs) that adapt to subfreezing temperatures by deep supercooling. Crude extracts from xylem in all these trees were found to have anti-ice nucleation activity that promoted supercooling capability of water as measured by a droplet freezing assay. The magnitude of increase in supercooling capability of water droplets in the presence of ice-nucleation bacteria, Erwinia ananas, was higher in the ranges from 0.1 to 1.7°C on addition of crude xylem extracts than freezing temperature of water droplets on addition of glucose in the same concentration (100 mosmol/kg).Crude xylem extracts from C. japonicum provided the highest supercooling capability of water droplets. Our additional examination showed that crude xylem extracts from C. japonicum exhibited anti-ice nucleation activity toward water droplets containing a variety of heterogeneous ice nucleators, including ice-nucleation bacteria, not only E.ananas but also Pseudomonas syringae (NBRC3310) or Xanthomonas campestris, silver iodide or airborne impurities. However, crude xylem extracts from C. japonicum did not affect homogeneous ice nucleation temperature as analyzed by emulsified micro-water droplets. The possible role of such anti-ice nucleation activity in crude xylem extracts in deep supercooling of XPCs is discussed.

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Low Temperature Exotherms in Xylems of Evergreen and Deciduous Broad-Leaved Trees in Japan With Reference to Freezing Resistance and Distribution Range

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Altitudinal and seasonal variation of frost resistance of Fagus crenata and Betula ermanii along the Pacific slope of Mt. Fuji, Japan

Altitudinal and seasonal variation of frost resistance of Fagus crenata and Betula ermanii along the Pacific slope of Mt. Fuji, Japan

Presence of supercooling-facilitating (anti-ice nucleation) hydrolyzable tannins in deep supercooling xylem parenchyma cells in Cercidiphyllum japonicum

Anti-ice nucleation activity in xylem extracts from trees that contain deep supercooling xylem parenchyma cells

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