Low-temperature growth of Na doped CIGS films on flexible polymer substrates by pulsed laser ablation from a Na containing target

The effects of pulse repetition rate on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of CIGS films grown by pulsed laser deposition

“…All these parameters affect the composition, microstructure, surface morphology, and electrical and optical properties of the grown films. Although there were several previous studies on the PLD growth of CIGS [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15], the influence of the pulse repetition rate has barely been investigated. From the experience of the PLD growth of other thin films, such as diamond, AlN, TiO 2 , ZnO, etc., we know that the effect of the repetition rate is equally important [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Comparison between thin‐film solar cells and copper–indium–gallium–diselenide in Southeast Asia

“…The thin-film solar cells are very suitable candidates for flexible solar cells due to thinner size, which will able to adapt with flexible substrates. Recent development and researchers on CIGS now focusing on increasing the efficiency on flexible substrates, which has attracted manufacturer's interest [78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. In fact, recent years the CIGS thin-film solar cells were towards approaching 20% of efficiency on flexible substrates [85,86].…”

Annealing Effect on the Properties of Cu(In0.7Ga0.3)Se2 Thin Films Grown by Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition

“…This means that femtosecond pulsed laser deposition (fs‐PLD) is beneficial for the growth of all materials, including the most complex materials, such as CIGS and yttrium barium copper oxide . In a previous study, we successfully explored the improvement of photoelectrical properties with the addition of sodium grown by fs‐PLD . However, with a further investigation, we find that the photoelectrical properties of CIGS thin film grown by fs‐PLD can be improved simply by applying a higher annealing temperature.…”