Low Temperature, High Energy Density Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Battery

Herr, Tatjana; Fischer, P.; Tübke, Jens; Pinkwart, Karsten; Elsner, Peter

doi:10.1149/06418.0041ecst

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The methyl ester functional group offers a synthetic handle that can be used to incorporate pendant polyethylene glycol chains, which have been demonstrated to drastically improve solubilities organometallic in nonaqueous environments. [45][46][47][48] Using methyl-ester functionalized DPA (DMBA, see SI) as a starting material, the methyl group was exchanged with a single ethyleneglycoxy unit (to form DePA, cf SI) or a double unit (to form DdPA) according to Scheme S2. The solubility of DePA was sufficiently higher than DMBA to facilitate interpretable CV experiments-0.3 mM in ACN and 12 mM in DME.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Voltage Metal-Free Disproportionation Flow Batteries Based on 9,10-diphenylanthracene

Saraidaridis

Suttil

Monroe

2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Several metal-free, nonaqueous, disproportionation redox-flow-battery chemistries based on electrochemically active organic molecules are presented. The electrochemistry of 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), a polycyclic aromatic compound, involves two reversible redox couples separated by more than 3 V, which are associated with electrochemical disproportionation of the neutral molecule. Nonaqueous solvents are investigated with the dual aims of realizing this high voltage in a battery cell and maximizing active-species solubility. Functionalized DPA analogues are synthesized and shown to exhibit electrochemical responses similar to pristine DPA; appending diethyleneglycoxy esters on each phenyl group to form DdPA (9,10-Bis(4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)carbonyl-phenyl)anthracene) improves solubility over DPA by a factor of 20 in acetonitrile and 5 in dimethoxyethane. The 0.21 M maximum concentration of DdPA in dimethoxyethane suggests an energy density of 8 Wh l−1, which begins to approach the energy density of state-of-the-art aqueous RFBs. Charge/discharge of a stagnant one-dimensional cell delivers the highest cell voltages from an organic single-active-species RFB chemistry yet reported. Energy and power efficiencies for DPA in dimethoxyethane and DdPA in acetonitrile are similar to nonaqueous vanadium acetylacetonate in cells of similar construction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Voltage Metal-Free Disproportionation Flow Batteries Based on 9,10-diphenylanthracene

Saraidaridis

Suttil

Monroe

2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Studies at temperatures below the freezing point of water are often motivated by energy storage needs in colder regions. [29][30][31][32] Even fewer examples of elevated temperature cycling were found. 33,34 One example presented by Clegg is directly pertinent to our work as it demonstrates capacity and performance decay at 40 °C of a NAqRFB cell employing a phenothiazine/viologen redox couple.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the effects of temperature on nonaqueous redox flow cell cycling performance

Quinn,

Ripley,

Matteucci

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The impact of cell temperature is a relatively underexplored area within the burgeoning field of nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NAqRFBs). Here, we investigate the effect of elevated temperature on the performance of nonaqueous redox electrolytes and associated flow cells. Using a model compound, N-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethyl)phenothiazine (MEEPT), in a propylene-carbonate-based electrolyte, we experimentally measure the temperature dependence of relevant physicochemical properties (i.e., electrolyte conductivity, viscosity, diffusivity) and electrochemical characteristics (i.e., chemical and electrochemical reversibility) across a temperature range of 30 to 70 °C. We then perform flow cell studies, finding that while ohmic and mass transport resistances decrease significantly with increases in temperature for the MEEPT/MEEPT+● redox couple, accessible electrolyte capacity gradually reduces at temperatures >50 °C. Ex-situ, post-test characterization using microelectrode voltammetry suggests that this capacity fade is due to instability of the MEEPT radical cation. Finally, using MEEPT as a posolyte and a model viologen negolyte (bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl)viologen), we assemble a full cell and perform polarization analysis, observing a 2× increase in the peak power density when the operating temperature is increased from 30 to 70 °C. Broadly, this work highlights opportunities for systematic engineering of nonaqueous electrolytes and flow cells for higher power operation at elevated temperatures.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the effects of temperature on nonaqueous redox flow cell cycling performance

Quinn

Ripley

Matteucci

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The impact of cell temperature is a relatively underexplored area within the burgeoning field of nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NAqRFBs). Here, we investigate the effect of elevated temperature on the performance of nonaqueous redox electrolytes and associated flow cells. Using a model compound, N-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethyl)phenothiazine (MEEPT), in a propylene-carbonate-based electrolyte, we experimentally measure the temperature dependence of relevant physicochemical properties (i.e., electrolyte conductivity, viscosity, diffusivity) and electrochemical characteristics (i.e., chemical and electrochemical reversibility) from 30 to 70 °C. We then perform symmetric cell studies, finding that while ohmic and mass transport resistances decrease significantly with increases in temperature, for the MEEPT/MEEPT+● redox couple, accessible electrolyte capacity gradually reduces at temperatures >50 °C. Ex-situ, post-test characterization using microelectrode voltammetry suggests that this capacity fade is due to instability of the MEEPT radical cation. Finally, using MEEPT as a posolyte and a model viologen negolyte (bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl)viologen), we assemble a full cell and perform polarization analysis, observing a 2× increase in the peak power density when the operating temperature is increased from 30 to 70 °C. Broadly, this work highlights opportunities for systematic engineering of nonaqueous electrolytes and flow cells for higher power operation at elevated temperatures.

show abstract

Low Temperature, High Energy Density Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Battery

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

High-Voltage Metal-Free Disproportionation Flow Batteries Based on 9,10-diphenylanthracene

High-Voltage Metal-Free Disproportionation Flow Batteries Based on 9,10-diphenylanthracene

Elucidating the effects of temperature on nonaqueous redox flow cell cycling performance

Elucidating the effects of temperature on nonaqueous redox flow cell cycling performance

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