Low temperature hydrothermal synthesis and formation mechanisms of lead titanate (PbTiO3) particles using tetramethylammonium hydroxide: thermodynamic modelling and experimental verification

Cho, Seung-Beom; Noh, Jun-Seok; Łencka, Małgorzata M.; Riman, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/s0955-2219(03)00085-2

Cited by 59 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These variations are most probably due to inhomogenieties in the precursor mixture. The hydrous titania gel platelets could be the same as those found in the low temperature hydrothermal synthesis of lead titanate (PbTiO 3 ) particles using tetramethylammonium hydroxide [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Low temperature hydrothermal routes to various PZT stoichiometries

Harada

Dunn

2007

J Electroceram

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The production of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) with a variation in Zr and Ti ratios using a hydrothermal method has been attempted. We show that when reactions are conducted at 160°C, for 4 h, the phase of PZT produced is independent of the initial Zr/Ti precursor ratio. In all cases we produce PZT with a crystal structure close to the morphotropic phase boundary, i.e. Zr/Ti≈52:48. The excess precursors either fail to react, or form amorphous and crystalline impurity phases that are detectable via powder XRD after the hydrothermal treatment. Using an excess of Pb precursor is shown to aid the crystallisation of the resultant PZT powder, as verified by SEM and FIB analysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Low temperature hydrothermal routes to various PZT stoichiometries

Harada

Dunn

2007

J Electroceram

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“…In this field, the conventional solid-state reactions by ion beam deposition, electron beam evaporation and magnetron sputtering solutions using high-energy particle bombardment, were adopted to prepare PT ferroelectric ceramics. However, the traditional reaction conditions were rigorous and would lead to Pb volatilization and reactant inhomogeneity, which restrained the use of PT ceramics [4][5][6][7][8]. In comparison to the traditional techniques, the sol-gel process was widely applied in the preparation of powder and thin films because of its better homogeneity, simple techniques and low cost, etc [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and microstructure analysis of Fe-doped PbTiO3 ceramic

Zhang

et al. 2008

Front. Chem. Eng. China

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Fe-doped PbTiO 3 (PT) powder and bulk materials were prepared successfully by sol-gel technique and a subsequent sintering process using Fe (C 5 H 5 ) 2 as a dopant agent. The effects of pH and temperature on the Fe-doped PT system were investigated. Thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the composition and the microstructure of the PT ceramics. The results indicated that the thermal decomposition of xerogel included three stages: volatilization of adsorption water and organic composition, oxygenolysis of n-butyl and acetate, and transformation of the crystalline phase. Well-stabilized collosol and gel could be obtained at 60uC and pH 5 4.5. It was found that PbTiO 3 , PbFe 2 O 4 , and TiO 2 crystalline appeared in the Fe-doped PT system when the mass fraction of the dopant Fe was 0.03%. Furthermore, from STM analysis, it could be seen that the grain size of doped PT ceramics was homogeneous and about 1-2 mm, and the pore of the PT ceramic was small. As a result, the PT ceramic had high tightness.

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“…Although various preparative routes are currently available for the preparation of PT fine powders, such as sol-gel [4], chemical coprecipitation [5], emulsion [6], and hydrothermal technique [7], only few routes offer reasonable controllability of size, morphology and degree of agglomeration. Hydrothermal technique allegedly has such capability, since it is an aqueous-based precipitation allowing the controlling ability over the nucleation, growth and aging processes [8]. Lead titanate prepared by the hydrothermal technique exhibits different crystal structures and morphology including perovskite, pyrochlore, and tetragonal body-centered types, depending on various chemical preparative parameters, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common precursors, from which PT has been prepared at temperatures lower than 250 1C, are the soluble form of lead (either lead nitrate or lead acetate) [11], and titanium with complexing agent, e.g. tetramethylammonium hydroxide [12], isopropoxide [8] and water soluble titanium tetrachloride [13], all of which provide hydrous titania (TiO 2 Á xH 2 O) as titanium source. The employment of these precursors, though, necessitates a high concentration of alkali reagent, which in all cases is potassium hydroxide (KOH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%