Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of Novel 3D Hybrid Nanostructures on Titanium Surface with Mechano-bactericidal Performance

Abstract

Titanium is extensively employed in modern medicines as orthopedic and dental implants, but implant failures frequently occur because of bacterial infections. Herein, three types of 3D nanostructured titanium surfaces with nanowire clusters (NWC), nanowire/sheet clusters (NW/SC) and nanosheet clusters (NSC), were fabricated using the low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis under normal pressure, and assessed for the sterilization against two common human pathogens. The results show that the NWC and NSC surfaces merely display good bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli, whereas the NW/SC surface represents optimal bactericidal efficiency against both Escherichia coli (98.6 ± 1.23%) and Staphylococcus aureus (69.82 ± 2.79%). That is attributed to the hybrid geometric nanostructure of NW/SC, i.e., the pyramidal structures of ∼23 nm in tip diameter formed with tall clustered wires, and the sharper sheets of ∼8 nm in thickness in-between these nanopyramids. This nanostructure displays a unique mechano-bactericidal performance via the synergistic effect of capturing the bacteria cells and penetrating the cell membrane. This study proves that the low-temperature hydrothermal synthesized hybrid mechano-bactericidal titanium surfaces provide a promising solution for the construction of bactericidal biomedical implants.

Implanting a Copper Ion into a TiO2 Nanorod Array for the Investigation on the Synergistic Antibacterial Mechanism between Mechanical Cracking and Chemical Damage

“…In general, the nanostructure had certain antibacterial performance, but the overall antibacterial activity was indeed relatively poor. 48,49 In spite of these, at the same time, some research studies had demonstrated that the nanostructure had other meaningful benefits. Wang et al 50 displayed that the nanorod array structure could effectively reduce the initial adhesion of bacteria and increase the adhesion of mammalian cells.…”

“…aureus, suggesting that the bactericidal activity of the nanostructured Ti surface was low. In general, the nanostructure had certain antibacterial performance, but the overall antibacterial activity was indeed relatively poor. , In spite of these, at the same time, some research studies had demonstrated that the nanostructure had other meaningful benefits. Wang et al .…”

Study of Finite Element Simulation on the Mechano-Bactericidal Mechanism of Hierarchical Nanostructure Arrays

“…Inspired by the natural surfaces with bactericidal nanostructures such as cicada wings, − a large number of biomimetic nanostructures with bactericidal performance have been designed on the surface of various materials. − For instance, many kinds of bactericidal nanostructures have been extensively built on the surfaces of titanium-based materials to solve the problem of implant failure due to the relevant bacterial infections. ,, In order to further construct the more efficient physical sterilization surface and expand its applications in the fields of medical hygiene, environmental protection, and so forth, it is necessary to clarify the interaction between nanostructures and bacterial cells.…”

Fabrication of Nanostructured Polycaprolactone (PCL) Film Using a Thermal Imprinting Technique and Assessment of Antibacterial Function for Its Application

“…In addition, to kill bacteria, a surface should damage the bacterial membrane using the nanostructure [25][26][27]. Meanwhile, several studies have reported mechanically induced bactericidal activity on implanted metallic devices [25,[28][29][30]. However, there are very few studies of nanofabrication based on PCL, and the reported studies do not focus on the antibacterial effects but on cell proliferation and differentiation [31][32][33][34].…”