Low temperature, multi-effect distillation for cogeneration yielding the most efficient sea water desalination system

Ophir, A.

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(91)85118-e

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In some cases, authors have declined to include thermal energy obtained from waste heat sources as part of the calculation, and instead only account for energy that is used in addition to this heat or that is diverted from the main process (usually electric power generation) as it is typically run. Using this type of accounting, MEE processes have reported to consume as little 20 kJ/kg [41]. These calculations are instructive from a economic standpoint, and illustrate the advantages of integrating desalination with other processes.…”

Section: Putting Things In Perspective -Energy Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies

Miller¹

2003

207

148

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Water shortages affect 88 developing countries that are home to half of the world's population. In these places, 80-90% of all diseases and 30% of all deaths result from poor water quality. Furthermore, over the next 25 years, the number of people affected by severe water shortages is expected to increase fourfold. Low cost methods to desalinate brackish water and sea water can help reverse this destabilizing trend. Desalination has now been practiced on a large scale for more than 50 years. During this time continual improvements have been made, and the major technologies are now remarkably efficient, reliable, and inexpensive. For many years, thermal technologies were the only viable option, and multi-stage flash (MSF) was established as the baseline technology. Multieffect evaporation (MEE) is now the state-of-the-art thermal technology, but has not been widely implemented. With the growth of membrane science, reverse osmosis (RO) overtook MSF as the leading desalination technology, and should be considered the baseline technology. Presently, RO of seawater can be accomplished with an energy expenditure in the range of 11-60 kJ/kg at a cost of $2 to $4 per 1000 gallons. The theoretical minimum energy expenditure is 3-7 kJ/kg. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS.

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Section: Putting Things In Perspective -Energy Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies

Miller¹

2003

207

148

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“…MED is more energy-efficient than MSF and further energy reduction was made possible by combining the process with a thermal vapor compressor (TVC) or mechanical vapor compressor (MVC) (Hanshik et al 2016). In these technologies, the Gain Output Ratio (GOR), which is defined as the quantity of tons of water produced per ton of initial steam can reach 15, significantly higher than the maximum value of 11 for MSF (Ophir and Weinberg 1997).…”

Section: Process Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency and renewable energy utilization in desalination systems

Gude

Fthenakis

2020

Prog. Energy

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Desalination technologies and industry have advanced significantly in the past two decades to meet the growing freshwater demands stimulated by the compounding issues of both water quality and quantity in many regions of the world. As desalination processes are energy demanding, there have been many efforts dedicated to improve energy-efficiency of the process units, enhance energy conservation and recovery, and increase renewable energy integration in desalination plants. This research-review article highlights recent key advances and discusses possible venues for further development in desalination energy portfolio to reduce specific energy consumption and, via integration with solar energy, to minimize the environmental footprint associated with freshwater production. First, an overview of current desalination technologies and their energy requirements are presented followed by a discussion on opportunities for improving energy efficiency and energy recovery in both membrane and thermal desalination technologies. Then, various combinations of renewable energy driven desalination plants are discussed with some recent highlights in solar energy driven membrane, thermal and hybrid desalination processes. Technological readiness levels for novel desalination processes, their perceived impact and expected near-future developments in renewable energy integrated desalination technologies are presented. Finally, the potential for solar driven desalination as a cost-competitive freshwater supply alternative is discussed.

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“…1,2 Although water accounts for 70% of the earth's surface, only 3% is potable freshwater. 3 In the face of such a situation, many technologies, such as reverse osmosis (RO), [4][5][6] electrodialysis (ED) 7,8 and low-temperature multi-effect distillation (LT-MED), 9,10 have been developed. However, most of these methods cause massive energy consumption, leading to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver nanoparticles‐polydopamine‐wax gourd: An antimicrobial solar evaporator with enhanced steam generation

Fan

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is an emerging environmentally-friendly technology to produce freshwater, but the current interface evaporators are restricted by their high cost, complex fabrication processes, and low resistance to environmental conditions. Here, a low-cost and high-efficient evaporator was prepared simply by modifying natural wax gourd with polydopamine (PDA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The prepared AgNPs-PDA-wax gourd exhibited excellent light absorption (>94%) in the whole solar spectrum (300-2500 nm). Under 1 sun illumination, the prepared evaporator achieved an extraordinary evaporation rate of 1.70 kg m À2 h À1 (efficiency of 83.21%), which was 3.78 and 1.21 times higher than the rates of natural wax gourd and PDA-wax gourd, respectively. Such excellent performance was mainly attributed to the synergic light-to-heat conversion capability between localized surface plasmon resonance effect from AgNPs and enhanced light-adsorption ability from PDA. Due to the presence of AgNPs, the final evaporator also displayed a fascinating antibacterial behavior for both E. coli and S. aureus even during evaporating actual lake water. Meanwhile, the AgNPs-PDA-wax gourd presented good durability during 10-cycled experiments, seawater desalination, dye water purification and some extreme conditions (acid, alkaline and freezing). These results suggested the great potential for future practical applications of such biomass solar evaporators.

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Low temperature, multi-effect distillation for cogeneration yielding the most efficient sea water desalination system

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies

Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies

Energy efficiency and renewable energy utilization in desalination systems

Silver nanoparticles‐polydopamine‐wax gourd: An antimicrobial solar evaporator with enhanced steam generation

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