Low-temperature operation of heating systems to enable 4th generation district heating: A review

Østergaard, Dorte Skaarup; Smith, Kevin Michael; Tunzi, Michele; Svendsen, Svend

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.123529

Cited by 64 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The move to fourth generation district heating and cooling (4GDHC) allows a drop in supply temperature which correlates with a reduction in thermal loss due to the smaller temperature gradient between the heat media and the external environment. Experts have predicted that investing in solutions that reduce heating temperatures in buildings will yield a return on investment of 300% for DH operators [52]. Furthermore, improvements in pipe insulation materials and the geometry of the pipes optimise also lead to a reduction in thermal losses.…”

Section: Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heating and cooling networks: A comprehensive review of modelling approaches to map future directions

Brown

Foley

Laverty

et al. 2022

Energy

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Section: Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heating and cooling networks: A comprehensive review of modelling approaches to map future directions

Brown

Foley

Laverty

et al. 2022

Energy

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“…Therefore, considering that the water-energy-waste nexus approach has been gaining importance in recent years [40][41][42], the application potential of drain water heat recovery systems also increases. An additional incentive for their application may also be the need to switch to low-temperature district heating systems [43]. However, in the case of Poland, the problem remains the reluctance of society to apply this type of solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Shower Heat Exchanger as an Effective Domestic Hot Water Heating Alternative

Kordana-Obuch

Starzec

2022

Energies

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Wastewater has significant potential as a source of clean energy. This energy can be used both within external sewer networks and on the scale of individual residential buildings, and the use of shower heat exchangers appears to be the most reasonable solution. However, in the case of Poland, the problem is still the unwillingness of society to use this type of solution, caused mainly by the lack of space for the installation of vertical drain water heat recovery (DWHR) units and the low efficiency of horizontal units. In response to this issue, the efficiency of a new compact shower heat exchanger designed to be mounted below the shower tray, as well as its linear counterpart, was investigated under various operating conditions. In addition, the financial efficiency of using the compact DWHR unit with average water consumption for showering was evaluated. For this purpose, discount methods were used to estimate the financial efficiency of investments. The study showed that the compact shower heat exchanger has higher efficiency than its linear counterpart. Depending on the temperature of cold water and the flow rate of both media through the heat exchanger, it achieves efficiencies ranging from 22.43% to 31.82%, while the efficiency of the linear DWHR unit did not exceed 23.03% in the study. The financial analysis showed that its use is particularly beneficial when the building uses an electric hot water heater. The investment’s sensitivity to changes in the independent variables is small in this case, even with low water consumption per shower. The only exceptions are investment outlays. Therefore, the compact DWHR unit is a clean energy device, which in many cases is financially viable.

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“…In the past, bypasses were deemed necessary within DH to maintain pump's minimum flow rates. However, recent studies show that bypasses yield high return temperatures roughly similar to the supply temperatures [72]. Crane [60] demonstrates the impact of small and fixed flow bypasses which at low flow rates displayed over 50% of the return water at 80 • C, therefore, doubling the return temperature.…”

Section: Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability and carbon neutrality in UK's district heating: A review and analysis

Hepple

Feng

et al. 2023

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and E

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Low-temperature operation of heating systems to enable 4th generation district heating: A review

Cited by 64 publications

References 65 publications

Heating and cooling networks: A comprehensive review of modelling approaches to map future directions

Heating and cooling networks: A comprehensive review of modelling approaches to map future directions

Horizontal Shower Heat Exchanger as an Effective Domestic Hot Water Heating Alternative

Sustainability and carbon neutrality in UK's district heating: A review and analysis

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