Low‐Temperature Oxidation of Catocene and Its Influence on the Mechanical Sensitivities of a Fine‐AP/Catocene Mixture

Jiang, Benzheng; Zhang, Wei; Yang, Jeong-Mo; Yan, Yu; Bao, Tengfei; Zhou, Xing

doi:10.1002/prep.201500099

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In this Article, we report the synthesis of several heterobimetallic complexes containing manganese and one of the following metals: Fe, Ru, Co, or Ni. The different oxidation potentials of heterobimetallic compounds and the existing cooperative effects can have a combined influence on the catalytic performance over the AP’s thermal decomposition compared with ferrocene (Fc) and catocene (Cat). , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterobimetallic Catalysts for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate: Efficient Burning Rate Catalysts for Solid Rocket Motors and Missiles

et al. 2021

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We show the synthesis and characterization of four heterobimetallic compounds derived from s-indacene of general formula [{(CO)3Mn}-s-Ic-{MCp*}] q with M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Ru; q = 0, 1+. The complexes reported here were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis and FT-IR. Additionally, the X-ray crystal structure of [(CO)3Mn-s-Ic-FeCp*] (1) and Mössbauer spectra are reported. The heterobimetallic compounds exhibit higher quasireversible redox potentials compared with ferrocene and catocene under the same reaction conditions. The complexes were tested as catalysts on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate examined by a differential scanning calorimetry technique to study their catalytic behavior. Compound (1) causes a decrease of ammonium perchlorate’s decomposition temperature to 315 °C, consequently increasing the heat release by 138 J·g–1. Conversely, [{(CO)3Mn}-s-Ic′-{CoCp*}] (2) presents a higher heat release (2462 J·g–1), comparable to catocene.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The different oxidation potentials of heterobimetallic compounds and the existing cooperative effects can have a combined influence on the catalytic performance over the AP's thermal decomposition compared with ferrocene (Fc) and catocene (Cat). 40,41 2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 2.1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterobimetallic Catalysts for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate: Efficient Burning Rate Catalysts for Solid Rocket Motors and Missiles

et al. 2021

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“…Most researchers believe that Catocene will be oxidized to nano-sized Fe 2 O 3 when temperature rise, and the nanosized Fe 2 O 3 is the main effective constituent of catalysis for thermal decomposition of AP [4]. In our earlier study [5], the low-temperature oxidation of Catocene was found a significant effect on mechanical sensitivity of AP/Catocene mixture. But the details of the Catocene oxidation have been seldom investigated so far, and the mechanism of the reaction is still uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…According to our earlier study [5], the mixture of AP/Catocene (Particle A, the mass ratio of the mixture is 90 : 10 wt %) was prepared by solvent-nonsolvent method. After 1758C for 2 h heat treatment, the original yellow Particle A changed into black Particle B.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of Catocene in AP/Catocene Mixture at Low Temperature

Jiang¹,

Wang

2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The mixture of Catocene and fine AP after 175 °C heat treatment was washed by acetone and water, and the washing liquids of acetone and water were characterized by SP and microwave digestion‐ICP, and the solid products were characterized by XPS, XRD, SEM‐EDS. The results show that the oxidation of Catocene is a multi‐step reaction, and the final products are nano‐sized Fe2O3 and amorphous C. DTA‐TG test shows the productions can enhance the thermal decomposition of AP. Compared with the mixture of fine AP and Catocene, the mixture of fine AP and the final solid product of Catocene decomposition is insensitive to the impact. The effective constituents of Catocene catalysis for thermal decomposition of AP are nano‐sized Fe2O3 and amorphous C. Analyzing by synthesis, the final solid product may be an effective and safe catalyst for AP based propellant.

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“…However, the contradiction between high energy and low sensitivity is the eternal theme for energetic materials [6]. Although the burning performance can be visibly improved as the ultra-fine ammonium perchlorate (UF-AP, commonly < 5 mm) is largely adopted to replace the AP in normal size (> 100 mm) [5], the mechanical sensitivity will also be increased, especially for the friction sensitivity of propellant charge containing catocene as the catalyst [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Sensitivity Reducing and Hygroscopicity Preventing of Ultra‐Fine Ammonium Perchlorate for High Burning‐Rate Propellants

Yang

Gong

Ding

et al. 2017

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In this research, several inert materials, including some functional carbon materials, paraffin wax and the well‐known insensitive energetic material 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) were selected to reduce the undesirable high sensitivity and hygroscopicity of ultra‐fine ammonium perchlorate (UF‐AP) via polymer modified coating. Structure, sensitivity, thermal and hygroscopicity performances of the UF‐AP based composites were systematically studied by scanning electron microscopy, sensitivity tests, thermal experiments, contact angle, and hygroscopicity analysis. The results showed that both the impact and friction sensitivity of UF‐AP can be remarkably reduced, respectively, with only a small amount of 2 % (in mass) desensitization agents. Meanwhile, improved thermal decomposition was gained, and the hygroscopicity can also be reduced to a large extent. Propellants containing 10 % coated UF‐AP in mass were processed and tested, the burning rate reached 45.7 mm s−1, 50 % higher compared with that of normal AP, with remarkably reduced impact sensitivity from 11.5 J to 29.6 J and friction sensitivity from 76 % to 28 %.

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Low‐Temperature Oxidation of Catocene and Its Influence on the Mechanical Sensitivities of a Fine‐AP/Catocene Mixture

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Heterobimetallic Catalysts for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate: Efficient Burning Rate Catalysts for Solid Rocket Motors and Missiles

Heterobimetallic Catalysts for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate: Efficient Burning Rate Catalysts for Solid Rocket Motors and Missiles

Oxidation of Catocene in AP/Catocene Mixture at Low Temperature

Efficient Sensitivity Reducing and Hygroscopicity Preventing of Ultra‐Fine Ammonium Perchlorate for High Burning‐Rate Propellants

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