A series of binuclear homo- and heterobimetallic
complexes of the
general type (PNP)M–[linker]–M(PNP) have been prepared
(M = Ni, Pd, Pt; PNP = a diarylamido/bis(phosphine) pincer ligand;
−[linker]– = −CC–, −CCCC–,
−CCC6H4CC−). Each
(PNP)M site can be oxidized by one electron, and this work reports
the investigation of the mixed-valence behavior in terms of the communication
between the two redox sites and the degree of the delocalization in
the monooxidized cation. The compounds were evaluated using cyclic
voltammetry, UV–vis–NIR and EPR spectroscopy, X-ray
crystallography, and DFT calculations. The complex with the longest
examined linker, (PNP)Ni–CCC6H4CC–Ni(PNP) (9Ni), exhibited no discernible
communication between the redox sites. The homobimetallic complexes
(PNP)M–CCCC–M(PNP) (6M)
displayed a lower degree of communication in comparison to the −CC–
linker analogues (PNP)M–CC–M(PNP) (3M). Within each of these two subsets, the relative degree of communication
and delocalization was determined to be Pd < Ni ≤ Pt. On
the Robin–Day scale, compounds 6M can be assigned
class I for M = Pd and class II for M = Ni, Pt. Complex 3Pd also falls into class II, while 3Ni and 3Pt may be viewed as borderline class II/III cases. It is likely that
the communication in the Ni systems has the advantage of the smaller
size of Ni, resulting in a greater physical proximity of the redox
sites, while the 5d metal Pt possesses the greatest ability for orbital
interaction with the −CC– linker.