Low temperature sealing capability of elastomer O-rings

Warren, P. C.

doi:10.1016/s1350-4789(08)70478-1

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The Challenger catastrophe triggered scientists and engineers from a variety of industries to study the low-temperature behaviour of elastomer seals to be used in gas containing systems. As a result of their efforts, some publications appeared [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. A short summary of the experimental details and findings of the existing literature is given in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another interesting observation can be made considering the effect of gas pressure: high (≥ 100 bar) pressure difference, if applied prior to cooling of the sealed joint, might result in lower leakage temperatures [8,10]. Higher failure temperatures were obtained in low-pressure (< 100 bar) systems [5,6,11,12,14], or in high-pressure systems pressurized after the cooling step [10]. Furthermore, there are indications that pressure and temperature cycling from low to high values might yield increased leak temperatures [17], but not much experimental data are available to public for these cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interfacial leakage of elastomer seals at low temperatures

Akulichev

Echtermeyer

Persson

2018

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

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Interfacial leakage of air in hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) O-ring seals exposed to sub-ambient temperatures is studied. Flange-type fixtures with sealing surfaces produced by 3 different surface finish processes are used. When the seals are cooled down to temperatures below the elastomer glass transition point T g of (−23 • C), an abrupt increase of air leakage (> 10 −2 cm 3 /min) is observed. The effects of surface finish conditions, compression ratio, grease lubrication and additions of carbon black in the HNBR on the cold leakage are discussed. Persson's contact mechanics and effective medium leakage theory coupled with finite element analysis (FEA) of the HNBR seals are utilized to capture the changes in the contact area and pressure with cooling and predict the seal failure temperatures. The main cause for the cold seal failures is believed to be the detachment of the elastomer seals from their mating sealing parts due to the elastomer thermal contraction and the negligible recovery of the HNBR in cold environment. In addition, the adhesive rubber-substrate interface influences the detachment and seal failure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interfacial leakage of elastomer seals at low temperatures

Akulichev

Echtermeyer

Persson

2018

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

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“…To improve the dispersibility of graphene in the elastomer matrix, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) was chosen as the polar elastomer matrix to transfer the shearing force during the melt exfoliating process. The reason for choosing HNBR is that it possesses strong polarity and intermolecular interactions because of a large number of acrylonitrile groups in the macromolecular chains, and it has been widely used in the field of oil-resistant material due to its excellent mechanical, chemical resistance, and stability at high temperatures. , To realize the DA reaction, expanded graphite (EG) was used as a diene and maleic anhydride (MA) was chosen as the dienophile. The DA reaction between EG and MA was conducted at a relatively high temperature (160 °C) in a mixer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene Nanosheets in Elastomer Composites Based on Diels–Alder Reaction during Melt Blending

Feng

Zuo

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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We developed a new technique to in situ exfoliate graphite into graphene nanosheets and simultaneously prepare graphene nanosheets/elastomer composites based on the Diels− Alder (DA) reaction under strong shearing force transferred by the hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) during melt mixing. To realize the DA reaction, expanded graphite (EG) was used as a diene and maleic anhydride (MA) was chosen as the dienophile. The results show the efficient functionalization and exfoliation of EG into MA-functionalized graphene nanosheets (MAG), the good dispersion of MAG, and the formation of the MAG network structure in MAG/ HNBR composites at low content of MAG (∼1 wt %). These result in the significant increase in stress at certain strain and the electrical conductivity of MAG/HNBR composites over that of neat HNBR and EG/HNBR composites with 1 wt % MAG. Unlike the method used in solution, this method could be applied in industry for large-scale preparation of graphene nanosheets and their elastomer composites.

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“…This property is of great importance for fluid retaining seals made of such elastomers that are utilised in engineering equipment ex- gas applications. Performance of elastomer seals in cold environment received scientific attention over the last 30 years which resulted in several publications dealing with static [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] and dynamic [15,16] applications. Recent experiments with leakage of static seals at low temperatures demonstrated that the cold seal failures are generally caused by the gaps which open due to the thermal contraction mismatch between the elastomer and metal components during cooling [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HNBR elastomer composite with zero thermal contraction over a range of temperatures

Akulichev

Alcock

Протасов

et al. 2019

Composites Communications

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Elastomers such as hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) are known to have inferior dimensional stability upon temperature changes compared to metallic materials. This can result in thermal contraction mismatches between metal and elastomer sealing components during cooling, possibly leading to seal leakage. It has also been reported that MnCoGe alloys have been developed that undergo a phase change which results in a volumetric expansion during cooling through the phase change temperature region. This article reports the effect of adding MnCoGe-alloy particles into a HNBR elastomer with the purpose using the thermal expansion of the alloy particles to counteract the thermal contraction of this elastomer during cooling. The composite material is produced using a combination of solvent casting and traditional shear mixing in a two-roll mill followed by compression moulding. With the MnCoGe volume fraction of ≈ 17 %, a considerable suppression of the thermal expansion coefficient of the base elastomer was achieved, going from 185 × 10 −6 • C −1 to nearly zero in the range of temperatures from -5 • C to +15 • C. The positive effect of the filler on the thermal expansivity was apparent in wider temperature range of -20 to +40 • C.

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Low temperature sealing capability of elastomer O-rings

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Interfacial leakage of elastomer seals at low temperatures

Interfacial leakage of elastomer seals at low temperatures

In Situ Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene Nanosheets in Elastomer Composites Based on Diels–Alder Reaction during Melt Blending

HNBR elastomer composite with zero thermal contraction over a range of temperatures

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