Low temperature sintering and dielectric properties of Li2MgTiO4 microwave ceramics with BaCu(B2O5) addition for LTCC applications

Trace additive enhances microwave dielectric performance significantly to facilitate 5G communications

“…The microwave performance of specimen was evaluated by an Agilent vector network analyzer (8720ES) and the Hakki-Coleman method, 11 and Archimedes' principle was used to calculate bulk volume densities. 12 The 𝜏 𝑓 value was determined by the following equation 13,14 :…”

“…The microwave performance of specimen was evaluated by an Agilent vector network analyzer (8720ES) and the Hakki–Coleman method, 11 and Archimedes’ principle was used to calculate bulk volume densities 12 . The $${\tau _f}$$ value was determined by the following equation 13,14 : $$\begin{equation} {\tau _f}=\frac{f(85^{\circ}{\rm{C}})-f(25^{\circ}{\rm{C}})}{f(25^{\circ}{\rm{C}}) \times (85-25)} \times \left(\frac{ppm}{^{\circ}{\rm{C}}} \right) \end{equation}$$…”

High Q×f values of Zn-Ni co-modified LiMg0.9Zn0.1-Ni PO4 microwave dielectric ceramics for 5G/6G LTCC modules

“…The microwave dielectric properties of the samples were tested by a Hakki-Coleman resonator method and an Agilent E8362B network analyzer (Agilent, USA) in a resonant cavity. The τf values of the ceramics were measured using a temperature chamber and calculated by equation (1) [12,28]:…”

Enhanced high dielectric characteristics tri‐layered structural ceramics for 5G/6G communications

“…In a resonant cavity, the microwave dielectric characteristics ($${\varepsilon _r}$$, Q $${\rm{\;}} \times {\rm{\;}}$$ f , and $${\tau _f}$$ values) of the specimens were examined using the Hakki–Coleman resonator technique and an Agilent 8720ES network analyzer (300 MHz–20 GHz). The $${\tau _f}$$ values were derived using the following equation 27,28 : $$$$\begin{equation}{\tau _f} = \frac{{f\left( {85^\circ {\rm{C}}} \right) - f\left( {25^\circ {\rm{C}}} \right)}}{{f\left( {25^\circ {\rm{C}}} \right) \times \left( {85 - 25} \right)}} \times {10^6}\left( {{\rm{ppm}}/^\circ {\rm{C}}} \right)\end{equation}$$$$where $$f( {25^\circ {\rm{C}}} )$$ and $$f( {85^\circ {\rm{C}}} )$$ represent the resonant frequencies at 25 and 85°C, respectively. The measurement error of the dielectric constant, Q × f value, and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency were <0.5% × $${\varepsilon _r}$$, 2% × Q × f , and 0.5 ppm/°C, respectively.…”

“…In a resonant cavity, the microwave dielectric characteristics (𝜀 𝑟 , Q × f, and 𝜏 𝑓 values) of the specimens were examined using the Hakki-Coleman resonator technique and an Agilent 8720ES network analyzer (300 MHz-20 GHz). The 𝜏 𝑓 values were derived using the following equation 27,28 :…”