Low-temperature sintering of bauxite-based fracturing proppants containing CaO and MnO 2 additives

Liu, Zuolei; Zhao, Jinzhou; Li, Yongming; Zeng, Zhaohong; Mao, Jincheng; Peng, Yu; He, Yun

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2016.02.090

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Wu reported that the density of the proppants could be reduced by the addition of CaO and MgO. Liu also found that the addition of CaO can reduce the density of the proppants. Therefore, the addition of magnesium slag containing 66.58 wt% of CaO will not only contribute to the decrease in density, but also greatly reduce the sintering temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Low‐temperature sintering of ceramic proppants by adding solid wastes

Hao

Feng

et al. 2017

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Low-density bauxite-based ceramic proppants were prepared at sintering temperatures below 1300°C by adding solid wastes coal gangue and magnesium slag. The addition of solid wastes greatly decreases sintering temperature and preparation cost. The density and strength of ceramic proppants were tested according to the standard, and the morphology and phase composition were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the main crystal phases are corundum and mullite, and the most suitable sintering temperature is 1250°C. At the sintering temperature apparent density is 2.84 g/cm 3 , and breakage ratio is 7.16% under 52 MPa closed pressure. Magnesium slag will react with some oxides of raw material at high temperature and form liquid phase, making the structure of ceramic more compact. The prepared ceramic proppants meet China industrial standard requirements SY/T5108-2014. K E Y W O R D Sglass-ceramics, scanning electron microscopy, sinter/sintering, synthesis

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…At present, there are few literatures on the preparation of ceramic proppants at low temperature. Liu reported that bauxite‐based fracturing proppants were prepared at sintering temperatures below 1200°C via the addition of CaO and MnO 2 , and the proppants doped with 2 wt% CaO and 2 wt% MnO 2 exhibited the lowest breakage ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐temperature sintering of ceramic proppants by adding solid wastes

Hao

Feng

et al. 2017

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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“…Though the quartz sand shares the advantage of low cost because it is taken from nature, it is only applicable to the shallow reservoirs because of its relatively low crush resistance. 2 Compared with the natural quartz sand, the already developed resin-coated quartz sand product can withstand much higher pressure, but it is associated with an obvious increase in its cost of production. 3 In comparison, the ceramic proppant which is produced by conventional technique of solid-state sintering can better meet the demands of lower exploiting cost, higher crushing capability and more uniform size and shape, which are required in the field of proppant materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective reduction of sintering temperature and breakage ratio for a low‐cost ceramic proppant by feldspar addition

Tian

Zhou

et al. 2017

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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The second grade bauxite and feldspar were used to synthesize ceramic proppant materials. Phase structure and microstructure of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. It was found that the feldspar, as a sintering aid, was beneficial to generate liquid phase during the sintering process. The formed liquid phase, not only promoted the densification of the samples, but also reduced the sintering temperature. With the content of feldspar increasing, the sintering temperature gradually decreased. When the content of feldspar was 4 wt.%, the breakage ratio of the samples was reduced to the lowest level of 2.2% at 1400°C under 52 MPa closed pressure, which met the requirement of Chinese Petroleum and Gas Industry Standard (SY/ T 5108-2014). Moreover, the sintering temperature was reduced by 100°C compared with the proppants without adding feldspar.

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“…Proppant is a key material that is widely used in the hydraulic fracturing process during the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources which exist in low permeability reservoirs [1]. Choosing the suitable proppant during the exploiting operation can improve service years of the gas well, increase its production rate and reduce the mining cost [2][3]. In early exploitations, quartz sand was selected as the proppant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aiming at improving the cost-performance, using cheaper raw materials to make economical 35 MPa ceramic proppants has much more practical significance. Consulting the previous literatures [2,[15][16], the effects of manganese oxide content and sintering temperature on the properties of the ce-ramic proppants were studied. While few research work was conducted using orthogonal experimental design method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and optimization of a low cost, high breakage resistance ceramic proppant special for the coal‐bed methane

Qin

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2020

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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A kind of low cost, high breakage resistance ceramic proppant special for exploitation of the coal-bed methane is successfully produced. The producing conditions are optimized through orthogonal experimental design method. The breakage resistance results of the orthogonal analyses show the best condition of this kind of ceramic proppant is A 4 B 3 C 3 D 2 , which means sintering temperature of 1350°C, manganese mineral powder content of 5 wt.%, weight ratio of 75/25 (second grade bauxite to mujie clay), and holding time of 3 h. The ceramic proppants under this very condition of A 4 B 3 C 3 D 2 are then prepared and their phase structure and microstructure are characterized subsequently. X-ray diffraction pattern exhibits that mullite and corundum are the main crystallographic phases. Scanning electron microscopy illustrates the A 4 B 3 C 3 D 2 sample is with non-porous morphology and small amount of corundum grains and liquid phase, which play the role of improving strength. It reveals the orthogonal experimental design is a feasible optimization method and the ceramic proppant made under the condition of A 4 B 3 C 3 D 2 is a promising material for exploiting the coal-bed methane resources.Keywords: Ceramic proppant / optimization / orthogonal experimental design / phase structure / microstructure Schlüsselwörter: Keramische Stützmittel / Optimierung / orthogonaler

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Low-temperature sintering of bauxite-based fracturing proppants containing CaO and MnO 2 additives

Cited by 44 publications

References 10 publications

Low‐temperature sintering of ceramic proppants by adding solid wastes

Low‐temperature sintering of ceramic proppants by adding solid wastes

Effective reduction of sintering temperature and breakage ratio for a low‐cost ceramic proppant by feldspar addition

Preparation and optimization of a low cost, high breakage resistance ceramic proppant special for the coal‐bed methane

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