Low‐temperature, sol–gel‐synthesized, silver‐doped titanium oxide coatings to improve ultraviolet‐blocking properties for cotton fabrics

Abstract

A new finishing process for cotton fabrics was developed that includes the treatment of cotton fabrics by a pad-dry-cure method with different amounts of Ag-doped, Ti-based transparent solutions prepared with a sol-gel method. Within this framework, transparent solutions were prepared with solutions of Ag-and Tibased precursors, isopropyl alcohol, and glacial acetic acid. Then, cotton fabrics were padded with these solutions. After these processes, the padded fabrics were dried at 808C for 30 min in air, and the coated fabrics were cured at 1508C for 5 min to produce Ag-doped TiO 2 films on the fabrics. The turbidity, pH, wettability, and rheological properties of the prepared solutions were measured. The thermal, structural, and microstructural properties of the coatings were extensively characterized with differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The thicknesses of the films were estimated with a refractometer and a spectrophotometer. In addition, the add-on values, wash fastness, ultraviolet protection, lightness, and contact angles of the coated fabrics were determined. The treatment of the fabrics with a 30 atom % Ag doped, Ti-based solution imparted to the fabrics a good ultraviolet-protection factor rating of 15þ, which was an increase of 10þ in comparison with the ultraviolet-protection factor of the untreated fabric (5þ). The produced fabrics were also water-resistant. Hence, this method produced multifunctional fabrics that were water-resistant and ultraviolet-protective.

Structural, electrical, and electromagnetic properties of cotton fabrics coated with polyaniline and polypyrrole

“…The treated and untreated fabrics were conditioned in a standard atmosphere of 20 ± 2°C and 65 ± 2% relative humidity before weighing. Thus, the dry weights of fabrics were determined 19…”

“…The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), mean UVA, and mean UVB values of the cotton fabrics coated with PAni and PPy and the bare fabric are given in Table I. Optical whitening agents and various dyestuffs as UV absorbers have been reported 19. It was first determined that the cotton fabrics coated with PAni and PPy had excellent UV‐protection properties with a 50+ UPF.…”

Electromagnetic and electrical properties of coated cotton fabric with barium ferrite doped polyaniline film

“…The treated and untreated fabrics were conditioned at standard atmosphere of 20 ± 2°C and 65 ± 2% relative humidity before weighting. Thus the dry weights of fabrics were determined 37…”

“…The refractive indices of the thin films were measured in the visible region with an Abbe high‐accuracy refractometer (Bioiberica, Barcelona, Spain) at room temperature. The refractive indices were used to determine the thickness and band gap of the film on the glass substrate by a Jasco V‐530 ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer (Jasco, Tokyo, Japan) in the range of 190–800 nm 37…”

Electrokinetic Properties of Nanocomposite Fibres

“…improved abrasion and thermal properties (Cireli et al, 2007;Satoh et al, 2004;Hribernik et al, 2007), various repellent properties (water, oil, soil) (Pinto et al, 2008), easy to clean properties, protective properties, e.g. UV and EMR shielding Onar et al, 2007;Abidi et al, 2007), electrical conductivity, antimicrobial activity (Gao & Cranston, 2008;Xu et al, 2006;Tarimala et al, 2006), etc. Nanocoatings of fibres offer excellent possibilities therefore (Wei et al, 2004;Mahltig et al, 2005;Sawhney et al, 2008).…”