Low temperature synthesis of high molecular weight polyaniline

Adams, P.N.; Laughlin, P.J.; Monkman, Andrew P.; Kenwright, Alan M.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(96)88489-8

Cited by 200 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Conductivity (S cm -1 ) 1.96x10 -3 1.40x10 -2 5.64x10 -3 Consequently, the molecular weight of PANI has virtually no effect on the electrical conductivity, in agreement with the data reported in literature [3,4,7,8]. Such behavior has been theoretically predicted [19] for the cases when charges hopping from one polymer chain to another are much faster in comparison with the life time of the charge on the chain, i.e., when the interchain transport occurs more readily than the intrachain one.…”

Section: Tab 3 Conductivity Of Doped Pani Powdersupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Kogan et al [10] claimed that decreasing the polymerization temperature has reliably been found to be accompanied by an increase in both molecular weight and electrical conductivity. Adams et al [7,8] observed that the conductivity of the samples prepared at sub-zero temperature was of the same order of magnitude as that of standard PANI prepared at 18 o C. Boara and Sparpaglione [11] where able to obtain PANI samples of high conductivity ( 45 S cm -1 for PANI hydrochloride) even at 60 o C by optimizing the reaction conditions. In other type of experiment, MacDiarmid and Epstein [3] fractionated PANI base by preparative gel permeation chromatography (GPC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Oh et al [5] polymerized aniline at 0 and -30 o C; M w was 6.8 times higher at lower temperature. Mattoso et al [6] similarly found that M w increased 7.3 times when the polymerization proceeded at -40 o C instead at 0 o C. Adams et al [7][8][9] showed that the molecular weight of PANI prepared by oxidation of aniline with ammonium persulfate was M w =29 700 at 18 o C and 122 000 at 0 o C while it increased to 166 000 at -35 o C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The influence of polymerization temperature on structure and properties of polyaniline

Yılmaz

Küçükyavuz

2009

E-Polymers

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Abstract:The influence of polymerization temperature (from -25 to +25 o C) on molecular weight, crystallinity, electrical conductivity, thermal and morphological properties of polyaniline has been investigated. Aniline was oxidized in an aqueous medium with ammonium persulfate and 1.0 M hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture freezes below -10 o C and hence lithium chloride was used in sufficient amount to prevent freezing. As the reaction temperature decreases, both the molecular weight of polyaniline and its crystallinity increase. Thermal studies show a common three step decomposition pattern irrespective of the temperature used during synthesis. The morphology of polyaniline changes from granular (reaction in liquid medium) to tubular (polymerization in the frozen state). Thermal analysis indicated that the polyaniline stability increased with decreasing synthesis temperatures. Electrical conductivity of polyaniline was found to be independent of the polymerization temperature and, consequently, of the molecular weight.

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Section: Tab 3 Conductivity Of Doped Pani Powdersupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The influence of polymerization temperature on structure and properties of polyaniline

Yılmaz

Küçükyavuz

2009

E-Polymers

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“…19 The undoped ͑base͒ emeraldine films were prepared from NMP solutions, n-methyl-2-pyrolidinone. 20 The polymer was disolved in appropriate solvents with CSA or AMPSA 12 and films were cast onto silicon wafers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electronic structure of polyaniline and doped phases studied by soft x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies

Magnuson

Guo

Butorin

et al. 1999

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The electronic structure of the conjugated polymer, polyaniline, has been studied by resonant and nonresonant soft x-ray emission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation for the excitation. The measurements were made on polyaniline and a few doped ͑protonated͒ phases for both the carbon and nitrogen contents. The resonant x-ray emission spectra show depletion of the electron bands due to the selective excitation which enhances the effect of symmetry selection rules. The valence band structures in the x-ray emission spectra attributed to the bands show unambiguous changes of the electronic structure upon protonation. By comparing to x-ray absorption measurements, the chemical bonding and electronic configuration is characterized.

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“…Ammonium per sulfate (28.52 g, 0.125 moL) was dissolved in distilled water (51.5 g) and added to the reaction solution which was being stored at room temperature. After 30 min the precipitate formed was recovered by filtration, washed with distilled water (200 mL), deprotonated by stirring for 24 h in aqueous ammonia solution (100 mL, 33% w/v), refiltered and washed with water (200 mL) then with isopropyl alcohol (200 mL) and finally dried under vacuum at 60°C for 24 h to give 8.46 g of a purple powder (Adams et al, 1996).…”

Section: Preparation Of Poly Anilinementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Ink (Carbon)-Perovskite/Polyaniline Ternary Composite Electrode for Sodium Chloride Separation

Dixit¹,

Pal²

2015

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Abstract:We reported the synthesis of ink-perovskite/Polyaniline composite electrode material for the separation of sodium chloride solution. These electrode materials are prepared by in situ polymerization process of aniline in the presence of perovskite ceramic material with carbon catalyst surface. This material is having the highest conductivity as a cathode material, environmentally benign and low cost material. The structure and morphological properties of prepared ternary composites are characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, SEM and TGA. The electrochemical properties are also investigated using four probe method and cyclicvoltametry method. Electrochemical measurement shows that the conductivity of ternary composites is 128 Scm −1 . Resulting composites are promising cathode material for low power consuming electrolysis process of sodium chloride solution.

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Low temperature synthesis of high molecular weight polyaniline

Cited by 200 publications

References 17 publications

The influence of polymerization temperature on structure and properties of polyaniline

The influence of polymerization temperature on structure and properties of polyaniline

The electronic structure of polyaniline and doped phases studied by soft x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies

Synthesis and Characterization of Ink (Carbon)-Perovskite/Polyaniline Ternary Composite Electrode for Sodium Chloride Separation

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