Low-temperature synthesis of high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes from alcohol

Maruyama, Shigeo; Kojima, Ryosuke; Miyauchi, Yuhei; Chiashi, Shohei; Kohno, Masamichi

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00838-2

Cited by 981 publications

(739 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The carbon source is typically a gas or volatile compound such as methane, 16,17 ethanol, 18,19 carbon monoxide, 20 or a combination of these. Methane is the most commonly used hydrocarbon due to its kinetic stability at high temperatures and limited production of amorphous carbon.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Swntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,26 Synthesis times vary from a few minutes to several hours, and SWNT growth ceases when the feedstock is discontinued or the catalyst becomes poisoned by amorphous carbon. 27,28 The catalyst lifetime can be extended by using carbon sources containing oxygen 18,24,28 or by introducing water, oxygen, or hydrogen gas during the synthesis. 29,30 Chemical vapor deposition offers a number of advantages over the arc discharge and laser vaporization methods for SWNT synthesis.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Swntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

2008

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are cylindrical graphitic molecules that have remained at the forefront of nanomaterials research since 1991, largely due to their exceptional and unusual mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. The motivation for understanding how nanotubes interact with light (i.e., SWNT photophysics) is both fundamental and applied. Individual nanotubes may someday be used as superior near-infrared fluorophores, biological tags and sensors, and components for ultrahigh-speed optical communications systems. Establishing an understanding of basic nanotube photophysics is intrinsically significant and should enable the rapid development of such innovations. Unlike conventional molecules, carbon nanotubes are synthesized as heterogeneous samples, composed of molecules with different diameters, chiralities, and lengths. Because a nanotube can be either metallic or semiconducting depending on its particular molecular structure, SWNT samples are also mixtures of conductors and semiconductors. Early progress in understanding the optical characteristics of SWNTs was limited because nanotubes aggregate when synthesized, causing a mixing of the energy states of different nanotube structures. Recently, significant improvements in sample preparation have made it possible to isolate individual nanotubes, enabling many advances in characterizing their optical properties. In this Account, single-molecule confocal microscopy and spectroscopy were implemented to study the fluorescence from individual nanotubes. Single-molecule measurements naturally circumvent the difficulties associated with SWNT sample inhomogeneities. Intrinsic SWNT photoluminescence has a simple narrow Lorentzian line shape and a polarization dependence, as expected for a one-dimensional system. Although the local environment heavily influences the optical transition wavelength and intensity, single nanotubes are exceptionally photostable. In fact, they have the unique characteristic that their single molecule fluorescence intensity remains constant over time; SWNTs do not “blink” or photobleach under ambient conditions. In addition, transient absorption spectroscopy was used to examine the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited nanotubes and to elucidate the nature of the SWNT excited state. For metallic SWNTs, very fast initial recovery times (300–500 fs) corresponded to excited-state relaxation. For semiconducting SWNTs, an additional slower decay component was observed (50–100 ps) that corresponded to electron–hole recombination. As the excitation intensity was increased, multiple electron–hole pairs were generated in the SWNT; however, these e−h pairs annihilated each other completely in under 3 ps. Studying the dynamics of this annihilation process revealed the lifetimes for one, two, and three e−h pairs, which further confirmed that the photoexcitation of SWNTs produces not free electrons but rather one-dimensional bound electron–hole pairs (i.e., excitons). In summary, nanotube photophysics is a rapidly developing area o...

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Section: Synthesis Of Swntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of Swntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

2008

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“…Patterned catalyst deposition (Co thickness: 0.2 nm) was performed on a Si substrate (t ox : 600 nm) by conventional photolithography and lift-off processes. SWNTs were synthesized by alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition (ACCVD) [6]. PVA solution with 10% concentration was dropped onto the channel region as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Polymer Coating on Device Properties of Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors

Aikawa¹,

Inoue²,

Einarsson³

et al. 2012

Extended Abstracts of the 2012 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials

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“…At the same time, the CVD technique with supported catalysts became more interesting. The ACCVD process [8] has been developed and can produce high yield with a high quality. SWNT is emphasized more and more because of its outstanding mechanical and electronic property, etc.…”

Section: Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beside the morphology control, the process to control the diameter of SWNT during synthesis is also another major challenge since it has been given an emphasis after many devices produced from SWNTs were developed to reach a high performance. A major advance in this area has been made since 2003, with the synthesis of vertically-aligned SWNTs [22] using an alcohol-based CVD growth process [8]. In addition, controlling in diameter of verticalaligned (VA-) SWNT has also been reported [23].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Swntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonance R aman Spectroscopy

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Low-temperature synthesis of high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes from alcohol

Cited by 981 publications

References 31 publications

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Influence of Polymer Coating on Device Properties of Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors

Resonance R aman Spectroscopy

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