Low-temperature synthesis of indium tin oxide nanowires as the transparent electrodes for organic light emitting devices

Kee, Yeh Yee; Tan, Sek Sean; Yong, Thian Khok; Nee, Chen Hon; Yap, Seong Shan; Tou, Teck Yong; Sáfrán, György; Horváth, Zsolt Endre; Moscatello, Jason P.; Yap, Yoke Khin

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/23/2/025706

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Based on a standard PLD setup as shown in Figure 2, we studied the effects of different background gases Ar, He, N 2 , and O 2 in details [38][39][40]. Glass substrates were used, and the growth was performed at a lower substrate temperature of 250°C.…”

Section: Pulsed Laser Deposition Of Ito Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies were performed for the growth in He and Ar at different background pressures based on the same setup [39]. The pressure range was chosen by considering the molecular weight of the gas that will affect the collision with ablated species.…”

Section: Applications Of Laser Ablation -Thin Film Deposition Nanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the pressure of Ar increased, the (400) diffraction peak became relatively stronger, indicating the increase in crystalline orientation. [39].…”

Section: Applications Of Laser Ablation -Thin Film Deposition Nanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, ITO nanowires grown by PLD are tested as TCO layer for a standard OLED device. ITO nanowires with larger contact areas and higher charge injection have led to higher emission current density for the devices [39].…”

Section: Applications Of Laser Ablation -Thin Film Deposition Nanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsed Laser Deposition of ITO: From Films to Nanostructures

Yap¹,

Yong²,

Nee³

et al. 2016

Applications of Laser Ablation - Thin Film Deposition, Nanomaterial Synthesis and Surface Modification

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Indium-tin oxide (ITO) films have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to achieve low resistivity and high transmittance in visible region. Important parameters governing the growth of ITO films, which include laser wavelength, substrate temperature, and the background gas pressure, are discussed. By utilizing the energetic plasma in laser ablation of an ITO target, relatively low substrate temperature growth has been demonstrated. Room temperature deposition enables ITO films to be deposited on the polymer substrate. In addition, deposition in different background gases promotes the catalyst-free growth of nanostructured ITO films. In particular, deposition in Ar or He at optimized pressures enables the growth of highly crystalline ITO nanostructures, which include nanorods and nanowires due to the self-catalyzed growth from the plasma plume. The conditions which allow the pulsed laser deposition of ITO thin films and the growth of nanostructured ITO are reviewed and discussed.

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Section: Pulsed Laser Deposition Of Ito Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications Of Laser Ablation -Thin Film Deposition Nanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the pressure of Ar increased, the (400) diffraction peak became relatively stronger, indicating the increase in crystalline orientation. [39].…”

Section: Applications Of Laser Ablation -Thin Film Deposition Nanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications Of Laser Ablation -Thin Film Deposition Nanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pulsed Laser Deposition of ITO: From Films to Nanostructures

Yap¹,

Yong²,

Nee³

et al. 2016

Applications of Laser Ablation - Thin Film Deposition, Nanomaterial Synthesis and Surface Modification

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mobility of conducting electrons in the ITO film is generally affected by both short-and long-range interactions with the surrounding atoms with positive ionic cores and also electron clouds. 19 Since there are no scattering centers such as atoms, ions, and electrons between ITO NWs, the long-range scattering centers can be significantly eliminated. Since the conducting electrons in the ITO NWs injected from the top electrode are affected by reduced total number of scattering centers, the mobility in the ITO NWs can be much enhanced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement in light emission and electrical efficiencies of a silicon nanocrystal light-emitting diode by indium tin oxide nanowires

Huh

Kim

Ahn

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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We report an enhancement in light emission and electrical efficiencies of a Si nanocrystal (NC) light-emitting diode (LED) by employing indium tin oxide (ITO) nanowires (NWs). The formed ITO NWs (diameter < 50 nm) are compactly knitted and have a tendency to grow perpendicularly above the surface. The electrical characteristics of Si NC LED were significantly improved, which was attributed to an enhancement in the current spreading property due to densely interconnecting ITO NWs. In addition, light output power and wall-plug efficiency from the Si NC LED were enhanced by 45% and 38%, respectively. This was originated from an enhancement in the escape probability of the photons generated in the Si NCs due to multiple scatterings at the surface of ITO NWs acting as a light waveguide. We show here that the use of the ITO NWs can be very useful for realizing a highly efficient Si NC LED.

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Toward See‐Through Optoelectronics: Transparent Light‐Emitting Diodes and Solar Cells

Liu

Cao

Chen

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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of numerous applications exceeding the current technologies in the foreseeable future. For instance, lighting and display based on LEDs will be transparent, which can be applied in see-through displays, augmented reality/virtual reality headmounted displays, car head-up windshield displays, and smart windows in architectures. Semitransparent solar cells are considered the most promising energy harvesting systems to replace conventional building materials, such as roofing, skylights, curtain walls, facades, and other building envelopes. Traditional LEDs and solar cells are opaque, resulting from the top electrodes, which are typically fabricated with highly reflective metal films (Al, Au, Ag or Pt) to ensure the reflection of light back to the device (Figure 1a). The past three decades have witnessed a remarkable development of new-generation highly efficient LEDs and solar cells (Figure 1b,c). Next-generation flat-panel displays, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), quantumdot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), and perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), are attracting extensive attention due to the fascinating features, such as self-luminance, tunable emission spectra, wide color gamut, less power consumption, and extraordinary mechanical flexibility. [1-5] Efficiency is one of the most vital performance parameters in the whole electrical light sources, which determines the power consumption. For LEDs, external quantum efficiency (EQE) is regarded as the most representative efficiency term defined as the ratio of emitted photons over injected charge carriers. As shown in Figure 1b, the peak EQE of OLEDs is as high as 40%, with luminous power efficiency of over 100 lm W −1 (without any light extraction structure), which has surpassed most fluorescent lamps (60-90 lm W −1). [6-29] Notably, OLEDs have been the mainstream display in mobile phones due to the remarkable efficiency enhancement in the last three decades. Since 1994, colloidal quantum-dots (QDs) have shown the potential for use in thin-film display due to the high luminous efficiency and special size-tunable color. [30-32] As shown in Figure 1b, a peak EQE value of 22.9% has been achieved for QLEDs. [33-46] Moreover, perovskite is a new family of optoelectronic materials. [47,48] Recent reports have found that metal halide perovskites are one of the most promising light-emitting materials owing to the high charge-carrier mobility, high photoluminescence quantum yield narrow photoluminescent peaks, Transparent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells have attracted extensive attention as the most promising optoelectronic devices surpassing conventional opaque displays and photovoltaics. These transparent devices are particularly suitable for special applications including seethrough display and building-integrated photovoltaics, for example, headmounted displays, navigation displays on car windshields, smart windows, roofing, skylights, and facades. This review systematically evaluates the pros and cons of representative transparent conduct...

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Low-temperature synthesis of indium tin oxide nanowires as the transparent electrodes for organic light emitting devices

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Pulsed Laser Deposition of ITO: From Films to Nanostructures

Pulsed Laser Deposition of ITO: From Films to Nanostructures

Enhancement in light emission and electrical efficiencies of a silicon nanocrystal light-emitting diode by indium tin oxide nanowires

Toward See‐Through Optoelectronics: Transparent Light‐Emitting Diodes and Solar Cells

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