Low-Temperature Synthesis of Titanium Oxynitride Nanoparticles

Abstract

The synthesis of transition metal oxynitrides is complicated by extreme reaction conditions such as high temperatures and/or high pressures. Here, we show an unprecedented solution-based synthesis of narrowly dispersed titanium oxynitride nanoparticles of cubic shape and average size of 65 nm. Their synthesis is performed by using titanium tetrafluoride and lithium nitride as precursors alongside trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) as stabilizers at temperatures as low as 250 °C. The obtained nanoparticles are characterized in terms of their shape and optical properties, as well as their crystalline rock-salt structure, as confirmed by XRD and HRTEM analysis. We also determine the composition and nitrogen content of the synthesized particles using XPS and EELS. Finally, we investigate the applicability of our titanium oxynitride nanoparticles by compounding them into carbon fiber electrodes to showcase their applicability in energy storage devices. Electrodes with titanium oxynitride nanoparticles exhibit increased capacity compared to the pure carbon material.

Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Breviscapine Nanosuspension and Its Freeze-Dried Powder

“…The reduction in nanoparticle size significantly expanded the contact area with the solvent. The good stabilizer allowed the drug particles to be evenly dispersed in the water, thus preventing the agglomeration of particles and improving the stability of the drug [ 45 ].…”

Oxynitride from Oxide versus Nitride: Manifesting Competitive and Synergistic Properties in Titanium Oxynitride for Solar‐Driven Water Splitting and Nitrogen Fixation

“…For instance, a simple mixing of urea as a nitrogen precursor with alkaline earth carbonates/metal oxide and annealing at high temperature leads to the formation of binary-metal oxynitrides such as SrNbO 2 N, BaNbO 2 N, CaTaO 2 N, SrTaO 2 N, and BaTaO 2 N. [12] But such an approach is not promising in the case of forming unary-metal oxynitride systems and it requires a meticulous approach to optimize the suitable conditions to synthesize them. [13] In this context, the synthesis of oxynitride from oxide-and nitride-based precursor is important toward understanding their formation mechanism and the properties of the resulting oxynitride system. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is one of the well-explored and welldocumented photocatalytic systems, [14] and thereby the development of its oxynitride structure (TiO x N y ) is expected to provide several insights into the formation mechanism of unary-metal oxynitride systems and their features toward photocatalytic applications, while a large number of studies have been focused on the binary and multimetal oxynitrides.…”

“…For instance, a simple mixing of urea as a nitrogen precursor with alkaline earth carbonates/metal oxide and annealing at high temperature leads to the formation of binary‐metal oxynitrides such as SrNbO 2 N, BaNbO 2 N, CaTaO 2 N, SrTaO 2 N, and BaTaO 2 N. [ 12 ] But such an approach is not promising in the case of forming unary‐metal oxynitride systems and it requires a meticulous approach to optimize the suitable conditions to synthesize them. [ 13 ] In this context, the synthesis of oxynitride from oxide‐ and nitride‐based precursor is important toward understanding their formation mechanism and the properties of the resulting oxynitride system.…”

Titanium Oxynitriding by Plasma-Assisted Thermochemical Treatments Using a Competitive Atmosphere of H2-N2-O2

“…These are collectively referred to as oxynitrides TiN x O 1-x 8-14 . Although numerous experimental and theoretical studies exist for α-Ti(N,O) solid solutions, TiN x O 1-x solid cubic solution (NaCl-type), TiO 2 , and TiN compounds and the conditions for their formation 8,9,12,13,[15][16][17] , there is still a degree of uncertainty regarding the bonding and structure of TiN x O 1-x . Various experimental methods have been employed to synthesize and understand the formation mechanism of TiO x N y [18][19][20][21][22] .…”