“…Lattice mismatch between CaF 2 and Si is only 0.6% at room temperature and 1.6% at 600 °C, so CaF 2 thin films can be used as growth templates for crystalline silicon , and as buffer layers for epitaxial layers on silicon, e.g., Fe 3 Si/CaF 2 /Si(111), α-Fe/CaF 2 /Si(111), , Fe/Cu/CaF 2 /Si(111), CeO 2 /CaF 2 /Si(111), ZnO/CaF 2 /Si(111), diamond/Ir/CaF 2 /Si(111), Cu/CaF 2 /Si(111), Al,Cu/CaF 2 /Si(111), Co/CaF 2 (110)/Si(001), and MnF 2 /CaF 2 /Si(111) . Epitaxial CaF 2 thin films have been deposited not only onto Si but also onto copper …”